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作者：Martin, Gregory J.; Yurukoglu, Ali
作者单位：Emory University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We measure the persuasive effects of slanted news and tastes for like-minded news, exploiting cable channel positions as exogenous shifters of cable news viewership. Channel positions do not correlate with demographics that predict viewership and voting, nor with local satellite viewership. We estimate that Fox News increases Republican vote shares by 0.3 points among viewers induced into watching 2.5 additional minutes per week by variation in position. We then estimate a model of voters who ...
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作者：Mylovanov, Tymofiy; Zapechelnyuk, Andriy
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Kyiv School of Economics; National Bank of Ukraine; University of St Andrews
摘要：Several agents with privately known social values compete for a prize. The prize is allocated based on the claims of the agents, and the winner is subject to a limited penalty if he makes a false claim. If the number of agents is large, the optimal mechanism places all agents above a threshold onto a shortlist along with a fraction of agents below the threshold, and then allocates the prize to a random agent on the shortlist. When the number of agents is small, the optimal mechanism allocates ...
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作者：Antras, Pol; Fort, Teresa C.; Tintelnot, Felix
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; University of Chicago
摘要：We develop a quantifiable-multi-country sourcing model in which firms-self-select into importing based on their productivity and country-specific variables. In contrast to canonical export models where firm profits are additively separable across destination markets, global sourcing decisions naturally interact through the firm's cost function. We show that, under an empirically relevant condition, selection into importing exhibits complementarities across source markets. We exploit these comp...
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作者：Desmet, Klaus; Ortuno-Ortin, Ignacio; Wacziarg, Romain
作者单位：Southern Methodist University; Southern Methodist University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We investigate the empirical relationship between ethnicity and culture, defined as a vector of traits reflecting norms, values, and attitudes. Using survey data for 76 countries, we find that ethnic identity is a significant predictor of cultural values, yet that within-group variation in culture trumps between-group variation. Thus, in contrast to a commonly held view, ethnic and cultural diversity are unrelated. Although only a small portion of a country's overall cultural heterogeneity occ...
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作者：Pascali, Luigi
作者单位：Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; University of Warwick; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：The 1870-1913 period marked the birth of the first era of trade globalization. How did this tremendous increase in trade affect economic development? This work isolates a causality channel by exploiting the fact that the introduction of the steamship in the shipping industry produced an asymmetric change in trade distances among countries. Before this invention, trade routes depended on wind patterns. The steamship reduced shipping costs and time in a disproportionate manner across countries a...
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作者：Garicano, Luis; Rayo, Luis
作者单位：IE University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah
摘要：We study how relational contracts mitigate Becker's classic problem of providing general human capital when training contracts are incomplete. The firm's profit-maximizing agreement is a multiperiod apprenticeship in which the novice is trained gradually over time and eventually receives all knowledge. The firm adopts a 1/e rule, whereby at the beginning of the relationship the novice is trained, for free, just enough to produce a fraction 1/e of the efficient output. After that, the novice ea...
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作者：Brandt, Loren; Van Biesebroeck, Johannes; Wang, Luhang; Zhang, Yifan
作者单位：University of Toronto; KU Leuven; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Xiamen University; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：We examine the effects of trade liberalization in China on the evolution of markups and productivity of manufacturing firms. Although these dimensions of performance cannot be separately identified when firm output is measured by revenue, detailed price deflators make it possible to estimate the average effect of tariff reductions on both. Several novel findings emerge. First, cuts in output tariffs reduce markups, but raise productivity. Second, pro-competitive effects are most important amon...
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作者：Ljungqvist, Lars; Sargent, Thomas J.
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; New York University
摘要：To generate big responses of unemployment to productivity changes, researchers have reconfigured matching models in various ways: by elevating the utility of leisure, by making wages sticky, by assuming alternating-offer wage bargaining, by introducing costly acquisition of credit, by assuming fixed matching costs, or by positing government- mandated unemployment compensation and layoff costs. All of these redesigned matching models increase responses of unemployment to movements in productivi...
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作者：Handley, Kyle; Limao, Nuno
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the impact of policy uncertainty on trade, prices, and real income through firm entry investments in general equilibrium. We estimate and quantify the impact of trade policy on China's export boom to the United States following its 2001 WTO accession. We find the accession reduced the US threat of a trade war, which can account for over one-third of that export growth in the period 2000-2005. Reduced policy uncertainty lowered US prices and increased its consumers' income by the equ...
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作者：Bettinger, Eric P.; Fox, Lindsay; Loeb, Susanna; Taylor, Eric S.
作者单位：Stanford University; Mathematica; Stanford University; Harvard University
摘要：Online college courses are a rapidly expanding feature of higher education, yet little research identifies their effects relative to traditional in-person classes. Using an instrumental variables approach, we find that taking a course online, instead of in-person, reduces student success and progress in college. Grades are lower both for the course taken online and in future courses. Students are less likely to remain enrolled at the university. These estimates are local average treatment effe...
