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作者：Guryan, Jonathan; Ludwig, Jens; Bhatt, Monica P.; Cook, Philip J.; Davis, Jonathan M. V.; Dodge, Kenneth; Farkas, George; Fryer Jr, Roland G.; Mayer, Susan; Pollack, Harold; Steinberg, Laurence; Stoddard, Greg
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of Chicago; University of Chicago; Duke University; University of Oregon; University of California System; University of California Irvine; Harvard University; University of Chicago; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); Temple University; University of Chicago
摘要：Improving academic outcomes for economically disadvantaged students has proven challenging, particularly for children at older ages. We present two large-scale randomized controlled trials of a high-dosage tutoring program delivered to secondary school stu-dents in Chicago. One innovation is to use paraprofessional tutors to hold down cost, thereby increasing scalability. Participating in math tutoring increases math test scores by 0.18 to 0.40 standard devia-tions and increases math and nonma...
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作者：Okeke, Edward N.
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Rand Health
摘要：This paper describes the results of a policy experiment conducted in coordination with the Nigerian government. In this experiment, some communities were randomly selected to receive a new doctor. These doctors were posted to the local public health center. Prior to their arrival, health care was provided by midlevel health-care providers (MLP). To separate the effect of (ostensibly higher) quality from that of quantity, another group of communities was provided with an additional midlevel pro...
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作者：Bauer, Michael D.; Swanson, Eric T.
作者单位：University of Hamburg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Regressions of private-sector macroeconomic forecast revisions on monetary policy surprises often produce coefficients with signs opposite to standard macroeconomic models. The Fed information effect argues these puzzling results are due to monetary policy sur-prises revealing Fed private information. We show they are also con-sistent with a Fed response to news channel, where both the Fed and professional forecasters respond to incoming economic news. We present new evidence challenging the F...
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作者：Djourelova, Milena
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：I study the persuasive effects of slanted language, exploiting a ban on the politically charged term illegal immigrant by the Associated Press (AP) news wire. My empirical strategy combines the timing of the ban with variation across media outlets in their baseline reliance on AP copy. I document sizable diffusion of the ban from AP copy to media outlets. Moreover, individuals exposed to the ban through local media show significantly lower support for restrictive immi-gration policies. This ef...
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作者：Carlino, Gerald; Drautzburg, Thorsten; Inman, Robert; Zarra, Nicholas
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：Partisanship of state governors affects the efficacy of US federal fis-cal policy. Using close election data, we find partisan differences in the marginal propensity to spend federal intergovernmental trans-fers: Republican governors spend less than Democratic governors. Correspondingly, Republican-led states have lower debt, (delayed) lower taxes, and initially lower economic activity. A New Keynesian model of partisan states in a monetary union implies sizable aggre-gate effects: The intergo...
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作者：Covert, Thomas R.; Sweeney, Richard L.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Boston College
摘要：This paper compares outcomes from informally negotiated oil and gas leases to those awarded via centralized auction. We focus on Texas, where legislative decisions in the early twentieth century assigned thousands of proximate parcels to different mineral allo-cation mechanisms. We show that during the fracking boom, which began unexpectedly decades later, auctioned leases generated at least 55 percent larger up-front payments and 40 percent more out-put than negotiated leases did. These resul...
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作者：Corrao, Roberto; Flynn, Joel P.; Sastry, Karthik A.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the nonlinear pricing of goods whose usage generates revenue for the seller and of which buyers can freely dispose. The optimal price schedule is a multi-part tariff, featuring tiers within which buyers pay a marginal price of zero. We apply our model to digital goods, for which advertising, data generation, and network effects make usage valuable, but monitoring legitimate usage is infeasible. Our results rationalize common pricing schemes including free products, free trials, and un...
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作者：De Janvry, Alain; He, Guojun; Sadoulet, Elisabeth; Wang, Shaoda; Zhang, Qiong
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of Hong Kong; University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Renmin University of China
摘要：Subjective performance evaluation could induce influence activities: employees might devote too much effort to pleasing their evaluator, relative to working toward the goals of the organization itself. We conduct a randomized field experiment among Chinese local civil servants to study the existence and implications of influence activi-ties. We find that civil servants do engage in evaluator-specific influ-ence to affect evaluation outcomes, partly in the form of reallocating work efforts towa...
