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作者：Davis, Steven J.; Krolikowski, Pawel M.
作者单位：Stanford University; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Cleveland
摘要：We design and field an innovative survey of unemployment insurance (UI) recipients that yields new insights about wage stickiness on the layoff margin. A majority of UI recipients would accept pay cuts of 5-10 percent to save their jobs, and one-third would accept a 25 percent cut. Yet worker-employer discussions about cuts in pay, benefits, or hours in lieu of layoffs are exceedingly rare. Roughly one-quarter of the layoffs in our sample violate the theoretical condition for bilaterally effic...
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作者：Di Tella, Rafael; Kotti, Randy; Le Pennec, Caroline; Pons, Vincent
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole Polytechnique; ENSAE Paris; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：We study changes in political discourse during campaigns, using a novel dataset of candidate websites for US House elections, 2002-2016, and manifestos for French parliamentary and local elections, 1958-2022. We find that candidates move to the center in ideology and rhetorical complexity between the first round (or primary) and the second round (or general election). This convergence reflects candidates' strategic adjustment to their opponents, as predicted by Downsian competition: Using an R...
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作者：Dupas, Pascaline; Jayachandran, Seema; Lleras-Muney, Adriana; Rossi, Pauline
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：We conducted a randomized trial among 14,545 households in rural Burkina Faso to test the oft-cited hypothesis that limited access to contraception is an important driver of high fertility rates in West Africa. We do not find support for this hypothesis. Women who were given free access to modern contraception for three years did not have lower birth rates; we can reject even modest effects. We cross-randomized additional interventions to address inefficiencies that might depress demand for fr...
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作者：Lachowska, Marta; Sorkin, Isaac; Woodbury, Stephen A.
作者单位：W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University
摘要：We quantify the employer's role in unemployment insurance (UI) take-up. Employer effects on claiming and appeals are substantial, and those effects are negatively correlated, consistent with appeals deterring claims. Low-wage workers are less likely to claim and more likely to have their claims appealed than median-wage workers. Employer effects help explain these income gradients, so equalizing employer effects on claiming would increase the progressivity of UI. Finally, the main source of ta...
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作者：Cooper, Ryan; Doyle, Joseph J.; Hojman, Andres
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Children spend years in foster care, and bureaucratic hurdles can unnecessarily prolong their stays. The Mi Abogado program was introduced in Chile to enhance legal aid for foster children and accelerate family reunification. In a novel approach, the Chilean government randomized the introduction of the program for children living in institutions to evaluate effects on child well-being. Using registry data, we find the program significantly reduced the duration of foster care without increasin...
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作者：Aneja, Abhay; Luca, Michael; Reshef, Oren
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Johns Hopkins University; Washington University (WUSTL)
摘要：Is there latent demand to support Black-owned businesses? We explore this question by analyzing a new feature that made it easier to identify Black-owned restaurants on an online platform. We find that labeling restaurants as minority-owned increased customer engagement and firm performance, as measured by online traffic, calls, orders, and in-person visits. These effects were more pronounced in areas characterized by greater support for the Democratic Party and lower implicit bias against rac...
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作者：Carlana, Michela; La Ferrara, Eliana
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study the Tutoring Online Program (TOP), where tutoring is entirely online and tutors are volunteer university students matched with underprivileged middle school students. We leverage random assignment to estimate effects during and after the pandemic (2020 and 2022), investigating channels of impact. Three hours of individual tutoring per week increased math performance by 0.22 SD in 2020 and 0.20 SD in 2022. Higher dosage yielded stronger effects, while group tutoring smaller effects. TO...
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作者：Gulesci, Selim; Jindani, Sam; La Ferrara, Eliana; Smerdon, David; Sulaiman, Munshi; Young, Peyton
作者单位：Trinity College Dublin; National University of Singapore; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland; Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BRAC; BRAC University; University of Oxford
摘要：We propose a model to study when an intermediate action can serve as a stepping stone that enables the elimination of a harmful norm. While the intermediate action may facilitate the first step, it may also become a new norm. We derive intuitive conditions for stepping stones, which depend on the relative size of social penalties and intrinsic utility benefits. We propose an econometric approach to testing whether an intermediate action is a stepping stone, and apply it to original data on fem...
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作者：Deaner, Ben
作者单位：University of London; University College London
摘要：In additive instrumental variables models, the robustness to some failure of instrumental validity or additive separability depends on the strength of a priori restrictions on the structural relationship between outcomes and treatments. I provide theoretical analysis of the problem, discuss the implications for empirical practice, and demonstrate with a numerical study calibrated on real-world data. (JEL C26, G51, H24, J13)
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作者：Currie, Janet
摘要：The child mental health crisis has been described as the defining public health crisis of our time. This article addresses three myths about the crisis: (i) the idea that the crisis is new; (ii) the belief that increases in youth suicide mainly reflect deterioration in children's underlying mental health; and (iii) the myth that investments in children have little impact on children's mental health. In fact, the crisis has existed for decades, youth suicides vary asynchronously with other ment...
