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作者：Algan, Yann; Hemet, Camille; Laitin, David D.
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Stanford University
摘要：Relying on diversity measures computed at the apartment block level under conditions of exogenous allocation of public housing in France, this paper identifies the effects of ethnic diversity on social relationships and housing quality. Housing Survey data reveal that diversity induces social anomie. Through the channel of anomie, diversity accounts for the inability of residents to sanction others for vandalism and to act collectively to demand proper building maintenance. However, anomie als...
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作者：Kaplan, Greg; Menzio, Guido
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：We propose a theory of self-fulfilling unemployment fluctuations. When a firm increases its workforce, it raises demand and weakens competition facing other firms, as employed workers spend more and have less time to search for low prices than unemployed workers. These effects induce other firms to hire more labor in order to scale up their presence in the product market. The feedback between employment and product market conditions generates multiple equilibriaand the possibility of self-fulf...
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作者：Sutton, John; Trefler, Daniel
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Toronto; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We explore the relation between a country's income and the mix of products it exports. Both are simultaneously determined by countries' capabilities, that is, by countries' productivity and quality levels for each good. Our theoretical setup has two features. (1) Some goods have fewer high-quality producers/countries than others, meaning that there is comparative advantage. (2) Imperfect competition allows high- and low-quality producers to coexist. These two features generate an inverted-U, g...
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作者：Chan, David C.
作者单位：Stanford University
摘要：I investigate how teamwork may reduce moral hazard by joint monitoring and management. I study two organizational systems differing in the extent to which physicians may mutually manage work: Physicians are assigned patients in a nurse-managed system but divide patients between themselves in a self-managed system. The self-managed system increases throughput productivity by reducing a foot-dragging moral hazard, in which physicians prolong patient stays as expected future work increases. I fin...
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作者：Albanesi, Stefania; Olivetti, Claudia
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; Boston College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Maternal mortality was the second-largest cause of death for women in childbearing years until the mid-1930s in the United States. For each death, 20 times as many mothers suffered pregnancy-related conditions, which made it hard for them to engage in market work. Between 1930 and 1960 there was a remarkable improvement in maternal health. We argue that this development, by enabling women to reconcile work and motherhood, was essential for the joint rise in women's labor force participation an...
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作者：Jepsen, Christopher; Mueser, Peter; Troske, Kenneth
作者单位：University College Dublin; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Missouri System; University of Missouri Columbia; University of Kentucky
摘要：We evaluate returns to General Educational Development (GED) certification for high school dropouts using state administrative data. We apply a fuzzy regression discontinuity method to account for test takers retaking the test. For women we find that GED certification has no statistically significant effect on either employment or earnings. For men we find a significant increase in earnings in the second year after taking the test but no impact in subsequent years. GED certification increases ...
