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作者：Akcigit, Ufuk
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
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作者：Mogstad, Magne
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Shimer, Robert
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Lockwood, Benjamin B.; Nathanson, Charles G.; Weyl, E. Glen
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; Northwestern University; Microsoft; Yale University
摘要：Taxation affects the allocation of talented individuals across professions by blunting material incentives and thus magnifying nonpecuniary incentives of pursuing a calling. Estimates from the literature suggest that high-paying professions have negative externalities, whereas low-paying professions have positive externalities. A calibrated model therefore prescribes negative marginal tax rates on middle-class incomes and positive rates on the rich. The welfare gains from implementing such a p...
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作者：Isen, Adam; Rossin-Slater, Maya; Walker, W. Reed
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines the long-term impacts of early childhood exposure to air pollution on adult outcomes using US administrative data. We exploit changes in air pollution driven by the 1970 Clean Air Act to analyze the difference in outcomes between cohorts born in counties before and after large improvements in air pollution relative to those same cohorts born in counties that had no improvements. We find a significant relationship between pollution exposure in the year of birth and later-lif...
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作者：Kamenica, Emir
作者单位：University of Chicago
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作者：Kim, Seong-Hoon; Moon, Seongman; Velasco, Carlos
作者单位：Yonsei University; Jeonbuk National University; Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：We reinvestigate the delayed overshooting puzzle. Using a method of sign restrictions, we find that delayed overshooting is primarily a phenomenon of the 1980s when the Fed was under the chairmanship of Paul Volcker. Related findings are as follows: (1) Uncovered interest parity fails to hold during the Volcker era and tends to hold during the post-Volcker era; (2) US monetary policy shocks have substantial impacts on exchange rate variations but misleadingly appear to have small impacts when ...
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作者：Kurz, Sascha; Maaser, Nicola; Napel, Stefan
作者单位：University of Bayreuth; University of Bremen
摘要：Which voting weights ought to be allocated to single delegates of differently sized groups from a democratic fairness perspective? We operationalize the one person, one vote principle by demanding every individual's influence on collective decisions to be equal a priori. The analysis differs from previous ones by considering intervals of alternatives. New reasons lead to an old conclusion: weights should be proportional to the square root of constituency sizes if voter preferences are independ...
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作者：Cantoni, Davide; Chen, Yuyu; Yang, David Y.; Yuchtman, Noam; Zhang, Y. Jane
作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Peking University; Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology
摘要：We study the causal effect of school curricula on students' political attitudes, exploiting a major textbook reform in China between 2004 and 2010. The sharp, staggered introduction of the new curriculum across provinces allows us to identify its causal effects. We examine government documents articulating desired consequences of the reform and identify changes in textbooks reflecting these aims. A survey we conducted reveals that the reform was often successful in shaping attitudes, while evi...
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作者：Chevalier, Arnaud; Marie, Olivier
作者单位：University of London; Royal Holloway University London; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Maastricht University; Tinbergen Institute; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：After the fall of the Berlin Wall, East Germany experienced an unprecedented temporary drop in fertility driven by economic uncertainty. We show that the children born during this transition period performed worse on a range of educational outcomes from an early age onward. The mothers of these children exhibit personal characteristics and family structures consistent with negative parental selection. Investigating the underlying mechanisms reveals that parental educational input and emotional...
