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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Hanna, Rema; Kyle, Jordan; Olken, Benjamin A.; Sumarto, Sudarno
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Harvard University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：We explore the impact of allowing for outsourcing service delivery to the private sector within Indonesia's largest targeted transfer program. In a field experiment across 572 municipalities, we find that allowing for outsourcing the last mile of food delivery reduced operating costs without sacrificing quality. However, the prices citizens paid were lower only where we modified the bidding rules to encourage more bidders. Higher rents are associated with greater entry despite elites' efforts ...
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作者：Maasoumi, Esfandiar; Wang, Le
作者单位：Emory University; University of Oklahoma System; University of Oklahoma - Norman
摘要：We advocate a different approach to measure the gender gap, summarizing each distribution by suitable evaluative functions and computing the difference between the evaluations. Unlike the conventional approach, ours does not assume rank invariance. We discuss the decision-theoretic framework behind different functions and introduce measures based on entropy functions. We further adopt quantile-copula approaches to account for selection into full-time employment and discuss how to take into acc...
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作者：Karadja, Mounir; Prawitz, Erik
作者单位：Uppsala University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：We study the political effects of mass emigration to the United States in the nineteenth century using data from Sweden. To instrument for total emigration over several decades, we exploit severe local frost shocks that sparked an initial wave of emigration, interacted with within-country travel costs. Our estimates show that emigration substantially increased the local demand for political change, as measured by labor movement membership, strike participation, and voting. Emigration also led ...
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作者：Kehoe, Patrick J.; Midrigan, Virgiliu; Pastorino, Elena
作者单位：Stanford University; University of London; University College London; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; New York University; Stanford University
摘要：During the Great Recession, US regions that experienced large declines in household debt also experienced large drops in consumption, employment, and wages. We develop a search and matching model in which tighter debt constraints raise the cost of investing in new job vacancies and so reduce job-finding rates and employment. On-the-job human capital accumulation is critical to generating sizable drops in employment: it increases the duration of the benefit flows from posting vacancies, thereby...
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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Goldin, Claudia
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：We explore the first period of sustained decline in child mortality in the United States and provide estimates of the independent and combined effects of clean water and effective sewerage systems on under-5 mortality. Our case is Massachusetts, 1880-1920, when authorities developed a sewerage and water district in the Boston area. We find the two interventions were complementary and together account for approximately one-third of the decline in log child mortality during the 41 years. Our fin...
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作者：Bernstein, Asaf; Hughson, Eric; Weidenmier, Marc
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Claremont Colleges; Claremont McKenna College; Claremont Graduate University; Chapman University System; Chapman University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We examine the effect of the establishment of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) clearinghouse in 1892 on counterparty risk using a novel historical experiment. During this period, the NYSE stocks were dual-listed on the Consolidated Stock Exchange (CSE), which already had a clearinghouse. Using identical securities on the CSE as a control, we find that the introduction of multilateral net settlement through a clearinghouse substantially reduced volatility of NYSE returns caused by settlement ...
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作者：Frankel, Alex; Kartik, Navin
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University
摘要：We study a model of signaling in which agents are heterogeneous on two dimensions. An agent's natural action is the action taken in the absence of signaling concerns. Her gaming ability parameterizes the cost of increasing the action. Equilibrium behavior muddles information across dimensions. As incentives to take higher actions increase-due to higher stakes or more manipulable signaling technology-more information is revealed about gaming ability, and less about natural actions. We explore a...
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作者：Cai, Yongyang; Lontzek, Thomas S.
作者单位：University System of Ohio; Ohio State University; RWTH Aachen University
摘要：Uncertainty about future economic and climate conditions substantially affects the choice of policies for managing interactions between the climate and the economy. We develop a framework of dynamic stochastic integration of climate and economy, and show that the social cost of carbon is substantially affected by both economic and climate risks and is a stochastic process with significant variation. We examine a wide but plausible range of values for critical parameters with robust results and...
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作者：Chen, M. Keith; Rossi, Peter E.; Chevalier, Judith A.; Oehlsen, Emily
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Yale University; Uber Technologies, Inc.
摘要：Technology has facilitated new, nontraditional work arrangements, including the ride-sharing company Uber. Uber drivers provide rides anytime they choose. Using data on hourly earnings and driving, we document driver utilization of this real-time flexibility. We propose that the value of flexibility can be measured as deriving from time variation in the drivers' reservation wage. Measuring time variation in drivers' reservation wages allows us to estimate the surplus and labor supply implicati...
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作者：Collard-Wexler, Allan; Gowrisankaran, Gautam; Lee, Robin S.
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Arizona; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Harvard University
摘要：A Nash equilibrium in Nash bargains has become a workhorse bargaining model in applied analyses of bilateral oligopoly. This paper proposes a noncooperative foundation for Nash-in-Nash bargaining that extends Rubinstein's alternating offers model to multiple upstream and downstream firms. We provide conditions on firms' marginal contributions under which there exists, for sufficiently short time between offers, an equilibrium with agreement among all firms at prices arbitrarily close to Nash-i...
