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作者：Hoerner, Johannes; Olszewski, Wojciech
作者单位：Yale University; Northwestern University
摘要：The folk theorem of repeated games has established that cooperative behavior can be sustained as an equilibrium in repeated settings. Early papers on private monitoring and a recent paper of Cole and Kocherlakota (Games and Economic Behavior, 53 [2005], 59-72) challenge the robustness of this result by providing examples in which cooperation breaks down when players observe only imperfect private signals about other players' actions, or when attention is restricted to strategies with finite me...
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作者：Beaman, Lori; Chattopadhyay, Raghabendra; Duflo, Esther; Pande, Rohini; Topalova, Petia
作者单位：Northwestern University; Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Calcutta; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Harvard University; International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：We exploit random assignment of gender quotas for leadership positions on Indian village councils to show that prior exposure to a female leader is associated with electoral gains for women. After ten years of quotas, women are more likely to stand for, and win, elected positions in councils required to have a female chief councilor in the previous two elections. We provide experimental and survey evidence on one channel of influence-changes in voter attitudes. Prior exposure to a female chief...
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作者：Carroll, Gabriel D.; Choi, James J.; Laibson, David; Madrian, Brigitte C.; Metrick, Andrew
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Defaults often have a large influence on consumer decisions. We identify an overlooked but practical alternative to defaults: requiring individuals to make explicit choices for themselves. We study such active decisions in the context of 401(k) saving. We find that compelling new hires to make active decisions about 401(k) enrollment raises the initial fraction that enroll by 28 percentage points relative to a standard opt-in enrollment procedure, producing a savings distribution three months ...
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作者：Doepke, Mitthias; Tertilt, Michele
作者单位：Northwestern University; Stanford University
摘要：The nineteenth century witnessed dramatic improvements in the legal rights of married women. Given that they took place long before women gained the right to vote, these changes amounted to a voluntary renunciation of power by men. In this paper, we investigate men's incentives for sharing power with women. In our model, women's legal rights set the marital bargaining power of husbands and wives. We show that men face a trade-off between the rights they want for their own wives (namely none) a...
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作者：Almond, Douglas; Edlund, Lena; Palme, Marten
作者单位：Columbia University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stockholm University
摘要：We use prenatal exposure to Chernobyl fallout in Sweden as a natural experiment inducing variation in cognitive ability. Students born in regions of Sweden with higher fallout performed worse in secondary school, in mathematics in particular. Damage is accentuated within families (i.e., siblings comparison) and among children born to parents with low education. In contrast, we detect no corresponding damage to health outcomes. To the extent that parents responded to the cognitive endowment, we...
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作者：Leider, Stephen; Moebius, Markus M.; Rosenblat, Tanya; Do, Quoc-Anh
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Iowa State University; Singapore Management University
摘要：We conducted online field experiments in large real-world social networks in order to decompose prosocial giving into three components: (1) baseline altruism toward randomly selected strangers, (2) directed altruism that favors friends over random strangers, and (3) giving motivated by the prospect of future interaction, Directed altruism increases giving to friends by 52% relative to random strangers, whereas future interaction effects increase giving by an additional 24% when giving is socia...
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作者：Hsieh, Chang-Tai; Klenow, Peter J.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Resource misallocation can lower aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). We use microdata on manufacturing establishments to quantify the potential extent of misallocation in China and India versus the United States. We measure sizable gaps in marginal products of labor and capital across plants within narrowly defined industries in China and India compared with the United States. When capital and labor are hypothetically reallocated to equalize marginal products to the extent observed in t...
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作者：Malmendier, Ulrike; Tate, Geoffrey
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Compensation, status, and press coverage of managers in the United States follow a highly skewed distribution: a small number of superstars enjoy the bulk of the rewards. We evaluate the impact of CEOs achieving superstar status on the performance of their firms, using prestigious business awards to measure shocks to CEO status. We find that award-winning CEOs subsequently underperform, both relative to their prior performance and relative to a matched sample of non-winning CEOs. At the same t...
