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作者：Fryer, Roland G., Jr.
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article describes a series of school-based field experiments in over 200 urban schools across three cities designed to better understand the impact of financial incentives on student achievement. In Dallas, students were paid to read books. In New York, students were rewarded for performance on interim assessments. In Chicago, students were paid for classroom grades. I estimate that the impact of financial incentives on student achievement is statistically 0, in each city. Due to a lack o...
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作者：Hallak, Juan Carlos; Schott, Peter K.
作者单位：Universidad Mayor de San Andres; National Bureau of Economic Research; Yale University
摘要：We develop a method for decomposing countries' observed export prices into quality versus quality-adjusted components using information contained in trade balances. Holding observed export prices constant, countries with trade surpluses are inferred to offer higher quality than countries running trade deficits. We account for variation in trade balances induced by horizontal and vertical differentiation, and we estimate the evolution of manufacturing quality for top exporters from 1989 to 2003...
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作者：Kremer, Michael; Leino, Jessica; Miguel, Edward; Zwane, Alix Peterson
作者单位：Harvard University; Brookings Institution; National Bureau of Economic Research; The World Bank; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
摘要：Using a randomized evaluation in Kenya, we measure health impacts of spring protection, an investment that improves source water quality. We also estimate households' valuation of spring protection and simulate the welfare impacts of alternatives to the current system of common property rights in water, which limits incentives for private investment. Spring infrastructure investments reduce fecal contamination by 66%, but household water quality improves less, due to recontamination. Child dia...
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作者：Diermeier, Daniel; Fong, Pohan
摘要：We present a dynamic model of legislative bargaining with an endogenously evolving default policy and a persistent agenda setter. Policy making proceeds until the agenda setter can no longer pass a new policy to replace an approved bill. We prove existence and necessary conditions of pure-strategy stationary equilibria for any finite policy space, any number of players, and any preference profile. In equilibrium, the value of proposal power is limited compared to the case that disallows recons...
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作者：Ramey, Valerie A.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Standard vector autoregression (VAR) identification methods find that government spending raises consumption and real wages; the Ramey-Shapiro narrative approach finds the opposite. I show that a key difference in the approaches is the timing. Both professional forecasts and the narrative approach shocks Granger-cause the VAR shocks, implying that these shocks are missing the timing of the news. Motivated by the importance of measuring anticipations, I use a narrative method to construct riche...
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作者：Ericson, Keith M. Marzilli; Fuster, Andreas
作者单位：Harvard University
摘要：While evidence suggests that people evaluate outcomes with respect to reference points, little is known about what determines them. We conduct two experiments that show that reference points are determined, at least in part, by expectations. In an exchange experiment, we endow subjects with an item and randomize the probability they will be allowed to trade. Subjects that are less likely to be able to trade are more likely to choose to keep their item. In a valuation experiment, we randomly as...
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作者：Felkner, John S.; Townsend, Robert M.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：A nation's economic geography can have an enormous impact on its development. In Thailand, we show that a high concentration of enterprise in an area predicts high subsequent growth in and around that area. We also find spatially contiguous convergence of enterprise with stagnant areas left behind. Exogenous physiographic conditions are correlated with enterprise location and growth. We fit a structural, micro-founded model of occupation transitions with fine-tuned geographic capabilities to v...
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作者：Aguiar, Mark; Amador, Manuel
作者单位：University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：We propose a tractable variant of the open economy neoclassical growth model that emphasizes political economy and contracting frictions. The political economy frictions involve a preference for immediate spending, while the contracting friction is a lack of commitment regarding foreign debt and expropriation. We show that the political economy frictions slow an economy's convergence to the steady state due to the endogenous evolution of capital taxation. The model rationalizes why openness ha...
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作者：Ali, S. Nageeb
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：This article examines how a decision maker who is only partially aware of his temptations learns about them over time. In facing temptations, individuals use their experience to forecast future self-control problems and choose the appropriate level of commitment. I demonstrate that rational learning can be perpetually partial and need not result in full sophistication. The main result of this article characterizes necessary and sufficient conditions for learning to converge to full sophisticat...
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作者：Athey, Susan; Levin, Jonathan; Seira, Enrique
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study entry and bidding patterns in sealed bid and open auctions. Using data from the U.S. Forest Service timber auctions, we document a set of systematic effects: sealed bid auctions attract more small bidders, shift the allocation toward these bidders, and can also generate higher revenue. A private value auction model with endogenous participation can account for these qualitative effects of auction format. We estimate the model's parameters and show that it can explain the quantitative ...
