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作者：Nybom, Martin; Stuhler, Jan
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
摘要：Studying a dynamic model of intergenerational transmission, we show that past events affect contemporaneous trends in intergenerational mobility. Structural changes may generate long-lasting mobility trends that can be nonmonotonic, and declining mobility may reflect past gains rather than a recent deterioration of equality of opportunity. We provide two applications. We first show that changes in the parent generation have partially offset the effect of rising skill premia on income mobility ...
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作者：Bassetto, Marco; Cui, Wei
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Minneapolis; University of London; University College London
摘要：The return on government debt is lower than that of assets with similar payoffs. We study optimal debt management and taxation when the government cannot directly redistribute toward the agents in need of liquidity but otherwise has access to a complete set of linear tax instruments. Optimal government debt provision calls for gradually closing the wedge between the returns as much as possible, but tax policy may work as a countervailing force: as long as financial frictions bind, it can be op...
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作者：Dewatripont, Mathias; Tirole, Jean
作者单位：Universite Libre de Bruxelles; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：Scholars and civil society have argued that competition erodes supplier morality. This paper establishes a robust irrelevance result, whereby intense market competition does not crowd out consequentialist ethics; it thereby issues a strong warning against the wholesale moral condemnation of markets and procompetitive institutions. Intense competition, while not altering the behavior of profitable suppliers, may, however, reduce the standards of highly ethical suppliers or not-for-profits, rais...
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作者：Eichenbaum, Martin; de Matos, Miguel Godinho; Lima, Francisco; Rebelo, Sergio; Trabandt, Mathias
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Universidade Catolica Portuguesa; Universidade de Lisboa; National Bureau of Economic Research; Northwestern University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：This paper develops a quantitative theory of how people weigh the risks of infections against the benefits of engaging in social interactions that contribute to the spread of infectious diseases. Our framework takes into account the effects of public policies and private behavior on the spread of the disease. We evaluate the model using a novel micro panel dataset on consumption expenditures of young and older people across the first three waves of COVID-19 in Portugal. Our model highlights th...
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作者：Bruhn, Jesse; Greenberg, Kyle; Gudgeon, Matthew; Rose, Evan K.; Shem-Tov, Yotam
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tufts University; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：As millions of soldiers deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan between 2001 and 2021, Veteran Affairs Disability Compensation payments quadrupled and the veteran suicide rate rose rapidly. We estimate the causal contribution of combat deployments to declining veteran well-being. Deployments increase injuries, combat deaths, and disability compensation, but we find limited effects on suicide, deaths of despair, financial health, incarceration, or education. Our estimates suggest that deployment cannot...
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作者：DellaVigna, Stefano; Kim, Woojin; Linos, Elizabeth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Governments increasingly use randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test innovations, yet we know little about how they incorporate results into policymaking. We study 30 US cities that ran 73 RCTs with a national nudge unit. Cities adopt a nudge treatment into their communications in 27% of the cases. We find that the strength of the evidence and key city features do not strongly predict adoption; instead, the largest predictor is whether the RCT was implemented using preexisting communicatio...
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作者：Englmaier, Florian; Grimm, Stefan; Grothe, Dominik; Schindler, David; Schudy, Simeon
作者单位：University of Munich; Tilburg University; Ulm University
摘要：Despite the prevalence of nonroutine analytical team tasks in modern economies, little is understood regarding how incentives influence performance in these tasks. In a series of field experiments involving more than 5,000 participants, we investigate how incentives alter behavior in teams working on such a task. We document a positive effect of bonus incentives on performance, even among teams with strong intrinsic motivation. Bonuses also transform team organization by enhancing the demand f...
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作者：Banerjee, Abhijit; Compte, Olivier
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Paris School of Economics; Institut Polytechnique de Paris; Ecole des Ponts ParisTech
摘要：We explore a model of non-Bayesian information aggregation in networks. Agents noncooperatively choose among Friedkin-Johnsen-type aggregation rules to maximize payoffs. The DeGroot rule is chosen in equilibrium if and only if there is noiseless information transmission, leading to consensus. With noisy transmission, while some disagreement is inevitable, the optimal choice of rule amplifies the disagreement: even with little noise, individuals place substantial weight on their own initial opi...
