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作者：Bates, Michael; Dinerstein, Michael; Johnston, Andrew C.; Sorkin, Isaac
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Riverside; Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Merced; Stanford University
摘要：We estimate a matching model of teachers and elementary schools with rich data on teachers' applications and principals' ratings from a large, urban district in North Carolina. Both teachers' and principals' preferences deviate from those that would maximize the achievement of economically disadvantaged students: teachers prefer schools with fewer disadvantaged students, and principals' ratings are weakly related to teacher effectiveness. In equilibrium, these two deviations combine to produce...
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作者：Moreno-Medina, Jonathan; Ouss, Aurelie; Bayer, Patrick; Ba, Bocar A.
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas at San Antonio; University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; Duke University
摘要：This article examines language patterns in U.S. television news coverage of police killings. First, we document that the media use syntactic structures-such as passive voice, nominalizations, and intransitive verbs-that obscure responsibility more often in cases of police killings than in cases of civilian killings. Through an online experiment, we demonstrate the significance of these syntactic differences, revealing that participants are less likely to hold police officers morally responsibl...
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作者：Londono-Velez, Juliana; Saravia, Estefania
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article examines the impact of denying a wanted abortion on women and children in Colombia using high-quality administrative microdata and credibly exogenous variation in abortion access. Women can seek legal abortions through a tutela, with cases randomly assigned to judges. Female judges are 20 percentage points (32%) less likely to deny abortion cases than are male judges, and we use the judge's sex as an instrument for abortion denial. Denial of a wanted abortion has both immediate an...
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作者：Brynjolfsson, Erik; Li, Danielle; Raymond, Lindsey
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We study the staggered introduction of a generative AI-based conversational assistant using data from 5,172 customer-support agents. Access to AI assistance increases worker productivity, as measured by issues resolved per hour, by 15% on average, with substantial heterogeneity across workers. The effects vary significantly across different agents. Less experienced and lower-skilled workers improve both the speed and quality of their output, while the most experienced and highest-skilled worke...
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作者：Kluender, Raymond; Mahoney, Neale; Wong, Francis; Yin, Wesley
作者单位：Harvard University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt (now Undue Medical Debt) to conduct two randomized experiments that relieved medical debt with a face value of $169 million for 83,401 people between 2018 and 2020. Our experiments focused on downstream medical debt that had been sold to debt collectors, ...
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作者：Brown, Christina; Kaur, Supreet; Kingdon, Geeta; Schofield, Heather
作者单位：University of Chicago; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; University College London; Cornell University
摘要：Schooling may build human capital not only by teaching academic skills but by expanding the capacity for cognition. We focus specifically on cognitive endurance: the ability to sustain effortful mental activity over a continuous stretch of time. As motivation, we document that globally and in the United States, the poor exhibit cognitive fatigue more quickly than the rich do across field settings; they also attend schools that offer fewer opportunities to practice thinking for continuous stret...
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作者：Bouscasse, Paul; Nakamura, Emi; Steinsson, Jon
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate productivity growth in England from 1250 to 1870. Real wages over this period were heavily influenced by plague-induced swings in the population. Our estimates account for these Malthusian dynamics. We find that productivity growth was zero before 1600. Productivity growth began in 1600-almost a century before the Glorious Revolution. Thus, the onset of productivity growth preceded the bourgeois institutional reforms of seventeenth-century England. We estimate productivity growth o...
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作者：Adao, Rodrigo; Costinot, Arnaud; Donaldson, Dave
作者单位：University of Chicago; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：The primary motivation behind quantitative work in international trade and many other fields is to shed light on the economic consequences of policy changes and other shocks. To help assess and potentially strengthen the credibility of such quantitative predictions, we introduce an IV-based goodness-of-fit measure that provides the basis for testing causal predictions in arbitrary general equilibrium environments as well as for estimating the average misspecification in these predictions. As a...
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作者：Mcgee, Dan
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：I develop a model of the social construction of race. Racial categories emerge from labor conflict when elites privilege intrinsically irrelevant traits to divide workers against each other and extract workers' surplus. I show that elites use color to grant unequal rights and track these rights across generations because it is heritable, observable, and relatively immutable. Depending on the demographic conditions the elites face, the system of racialization manifests either as ancestry-based ...
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作者：Quach, Simon
作者单位：University of Southern California
摘要：This article studies the unexpected retraction of a U.S. federal policy in 2016 that would have more than doubled the overtime exemption threshold from $455 to $913 per week and thereby grant overtime protection to an additional 20% of salaried workers. Although the policy was blocked by a federal court injunction a week before it was supposed to take effect, I show that it nevertheless had a persistent positive impact on workers' earnings. Leveraging a bunching design with administrative payr...
