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作者：Kalyani, Aakash; Bloom, Nicholas; Carvalho, Marcela; Hassan, Tarek; Lerner, Josh; Tahoun, Ahmed
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - St. Louis; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; London Business School; Boston University; Harvard University
摘要：We identify phrases associated with novel technologies using textual analysis of patents, job postings, and earnings calls, enabling us to identify four stylized facts on the diffusion of jobs relating to new technologies. First, the development of economically impactful new technologies is geographically highly concentrated, more so even than overall patenting: 56% of the most economically impactful technologies come from just two U.S. locations, Silicon Valley and the Northeast Corridor. Sec...
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作者：Gottlieb, Joshua D.; Polyakova, Maria; Rinz, Kevin; Shiplett, Hugh; Udalova, Victoria
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University; University of New Brunswick
摘要：Is government guiding the invisible hand at the top of the labor market? We use new administrative data to measure physicians' earnings and estimate the influence of health care policies on these earnings, physicians' labor supply, and the allocation of talent. Combining the administrative registry of U.S. physicians with tax data, Medicare billing records, and survey responses, we find that physicians' annual earnings average $350,000 and make up 8.6% of national health care spending. Busines...
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作者：Hill, Ryan; Stein, Carolyn
作者单位：Northwestern University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This article investigates how competition to publish first and thereby establish priority affects the quality of scientific research. We begin by developing a model where scientists decide whether and how long to work on a given project. When deciding how long they should let their projects mature, scientists trade off the marginal benefit of higher-quality research against the marginal risk of being preempted. Projects with the highest scientific potential are the most competitive because the...
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作者：Greenstone, Michael; Pande, Rohini; Ryan, Nicholas; Sudarshan, Anant
作者单位：University of Chicago; Yale University; University of Warwick
摘要：Market-based environmental regulations are seldom used in low-income countries, where pollution is highest but state capacity is often low. We collaborated with the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) to design and experimentally evaluate the world's first particulate-matter emissions market, which covered industrial plants in a large Indian city. There are three main findings. First, the market functioned well. Treatment plants, randomly assigned to the emissions market, traded permits to ...
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作者：Alsan, Marcella; Barnett, Arkey; Hull, Peter; Yang, Crystal S.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Brown University; Harvard University
摘要：A long-standing and influential view in U.S. correctional policy is that nothing works when it comes to rehabilitating incarcerated individuals. We revisit this hypothesis by studying an innovative law-enforcement-led program launched in the county jail of Flint, MI: Inmate Growth Naturally and Intentionally through Education (IGNITE). We develop an instrumental variables approach to estimate the effects of IGNITE exposure, leveraging quasi-random court delays that cause individuals to spend m...
