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作者：Kleven, Henrik; Landais, Camille; Leite-Mariante, Gabriel
作者单位：Princeton University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：This paper builds a world atlas of child penalties in employment based on microdata from 134 countries. The estimation of child penalties is based on pseudo-event studies of first child birth using cross-sectional data. The pseudo-event studies are validated against true event studies using panel data for a subset of countries. Most countries display clear and sizable child penalties: men and women follow parallel trends before parenthood, but diverge sharply and persistently after parenthood....
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作者：Jolivet, Gregory; Postel-Vinay, Fabien
作者单位：University of Bristol; University of London; University College London
摘要：We analyse the joint life-cycle dynamics of labour market and mental health outcomes while allowing for two-way interactions between work and mental health. We model selection into jobs on a labour market with search frictions, accounting for the level of exposure to stress in each job using data on occupational health contents. Taking our model to British data from Understanding Society combined with information from O*NET, we estimate the impact of job characteristics on health dynamics and ...
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作者：Tuncel, Tuba
作者单位：State University System of Florida; Florida State University
摘要：After a drug obtains marketing authorisation, the usage depends on the regulation of off-label prescriptions for unapproved indications. We investigate the impact of off-label prescription regulation on physicians' behaviour, patients' health, treatment costs, and pharmaceutical firms' pricing with a structural demand and supply model. Exploiting rich panel data on physicians' activities and office visits in France over 9 years, we use a model of prescription choice and health outcomes with un...
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作者：Cronin, Christopher J.; Forsstrom, Matthew P.; Papageorge, Nicholas W.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame; Wheaton College; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Evidence across disciplines suggests that talk therapy is more curative than antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety. Yet, few patients use it. We develop a dynamic choice model to analyse patient demand for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The model incorporates myriad potential impediments to therapy use along with links between mental health improvements and earnings. The estimated model reveals that mental health improvements are valuable, directly through utili...
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作者：Gul, Faruk; Pesendorfer, Wolfgang
作者单位：Princeton University
摘要：A collective choice problem specifies a finite set of alternatives from which a group of expected utility maximizers must choose. We associate a collective pseudo market with every collective choice problem and establish the existence and efficiency of pseudo Lindahl equilibrium (PLE) allocations. We also associate a cooperative bargaining problem with every collective choice problem and define a set-valued solution concept, the omega-weighted Nash bargaining set where omega is a vector of wel...
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作者：Salant, Yuval; Spenkuch, Jorg L.
作者单位：Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We develop a satisficing model of choice in which the available alternatives differ in their inherent complexity. We assume-and experimentally validate-that complexity leads to errors in the perception of alternatives' values. The model yields sharp predictions about the effect of complexity on choice probabilities, some of which qualitatively contrast with those of maximization-based choice models. We confirm the predictions of the satisficing model-and thus reject maximization-in a novel dat...
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作者：Goncalves, Duarte; Libgober, Jonathan; Willis, Jack
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of Southern California; Columbia University
摘要：We modify a canonical experimental design to identify the effectiveness of retractions. Comparing beliefs after retractions to beliefs (1) without the retracted information and (2) after equivalent new information, we find that retractions result in diminished belief updating in both cases. We propose this reflects updating from retractions being more complex, and our analysis supports this: we find longer response times, lower accuracy, and higher variability. The results-robust across divers...
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作者：Tsakas, Elias
作者单位：Maastricht University
摘要：It is well-known that individual beliefs cannot be identified using traditional choice data, unless we exogenously assume state-independent utilities. In this paper, I propose a novel methodology that solves this long-standing identification problem in a simple way. This method relies on extending the state space by introducing a proxy, for which the agent has no stakes conditional on the original state space. The latter allows us to identify the agent's conditional beliefs about the proxy giv...
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作者：Carlitz, Ruth; Morjaria, Ameet; Mueller, Joris; Osafo-Kwaako, Philip
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Northwestern University; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; National University of Singapore
摘要：Diversity can pose fundamental challenges to state building and development. The Tanzanian Ujamaa policy-one of post-colonial Africa's largest state-building experiments-addressed these challenges by resettling a diverse population in planned villages, where children received political education. We combine differences in exposure to Ujamaa across space and age to identify long-term impacts of the policy. Analysis of contemporary surveys shows persistent, positive effects on national identity ...
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作者：Do, Quy-Toan; Jacoby, Hanan G.
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：As utility services expand throughout the developing world, providers must grapple with how to set prices to recover average costs. Data from a multiyear randomised pricing experiment among nearly 1,500 recently connected piped water customers in Vietnam reveal month-to-month demand persistence. Based on structural demand estimation, we document how endogenous preferences, if unaccounted for, can lead to low take-up and thereby threaten the financial viability of the new water utility. We also...
