Should We Prevent Off-Label Drug Prescriptions? Empirical Evidence from France

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Tuncel, Tuba
• 署名单位: State University System of Florida; Florida State University
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6527
• DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdae060
• 发表日期: 2025
• 页码: 2027-2070
• 关键词: health-care; DEPRESSION; selection; QUALITY; access

摘要

After a drug obtains marketing authorisation, the usage depends on the regulation of off-label prescriptions for unapproved indications. We investigate the impact of off-label prescription regulation on physicians' behaviour, patients' health, treatment costs, and pharmaceutical firms' pricing with a structural demand and supply model. Exploiting rich panel data on physicians' activities and office visits in France over 9 years, we use a model of prescription choice and health outcomes with unobserved patient-level heterogeneity. We identify the demand for on-label and off-label drugs and the effect of prescription choice on health outcomes. On the supply side, we use a Nash-in-Nash bargaining model between the government and the pharmaceutical companies that allows the partial identification of the marginal costs of drugs. Counterfactual simulations show that when we remove off-label drugs from the choice set of physicians, substitution to on-label drugs at constant prices would lead to an increase of 15% in the expenditure on prescription drugs. If we allow bargaining adjustment on drug prices under a ban on off-label prescriptions, the ban would further increase the treatment cost, by 26%, without improving health outcomes.