What Good Are Treatment Effects Without Treatment? Mental Health and the Reluctance to Use Talk Therapy

• 成果类型: Article
• 署名作者: Cronin, Christopher J.; Forsstrom, Matthew P.; Papageorge, Nicholas W.
• 署名单位: University of Notre Dame; Wheaton College; Johns Hopkins University; National Bureau of Economic Research
• 刊物名称: REVIEW OF ECONOMIC STUDIES
• ISSN/ISSBN: 0034-6527
• DOI: 10.1093/restud/rdae061
• 发表日期: 2025
• 页码: 1699-1737
• 关键词: cognitive-behavioral therapy; dynamic-stochastic model; medical-care; moral hazard; insurance; metaanalysis; DEPRESSION; disorders; demand; IMPACT

摘要

Evidence across disciplines suggests that talk therapy is more curative than antidepressants for mild-to-moderate depression and anxiety. Yet, few patients use it. We develop a dynamic choice model to analyse patient demand for the treatment of depression and anxiety. The model incorporates myriad potential impediments to therapy use along with links between mental health improvements and earnings. The estimated model reveals that mental health improvements are valuable, directly through utility and indirectly through earnings. However, patient reluctance to use therapy is nearly impervious to reasonable counterfactual policies (e.g. lowering prices or removing other costs). Patient behaviour might reflect stigma, biases in beliefs about the effectiveness of therapy, or a distaste for discussing personal or painful issues with a stranger. More broadly, the benefits of therapy estimated in randomized trials tell only half the story. If patients do not use treatments outside of an experimental setting-and we fail to understand why or how to get them to-estimated treatment effects cannot be leveraged.