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作者：Levitt, Steven D.; List, John A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The Hawthorne effect draws its name from a landmark set of studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant in the 1920s. The data from the first and most influential of these studies, the Illumination Experiment, were never formally analyzed and were thought to have been destroyed. Our research has uncovered these data. Existing descriptions of supposedly remarkable data patterns prove to be entirely fictional. We do find more subtle manifestations of possible Hawthorne effects. We also propose a new...
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作者：Galiani, Sebastian; Rossi, Martin A.; Schargrodsky, Ernesto
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Universidad de San Andres Argentina; Universidad Torcuato Di Tella
摘要：We estimate the causal effect of mandatory participation in military service on individuals' subsequent involvement in criminal activities. To identify this causal effect, we exploit the random assignment of young men to conscription in Argentina through a draft lottery. Using a dataset that includes draft eligibility, participation in military service, and criminal records, we find that conscription increases the likelihood of developing a criminal record. The effects are significant not only...
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作者：Robinson, Jonathan; Yeh, Ethan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; The World Bank
摘要：Though formal and informal sex work has long been identified as crucial for the spread of HIV/AIDS, the nature of the sex-for-money inarket remains poorly understood. Using a unique panel dataset constructed from 192 self-reported diaries, we find that women who engage in transactional sex substantially increase their supply of risky, better compensated sex to cope with unexpected health shocks, particularly the illness of another household member These behavioral responses entail significant ...
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作者：Deschenes, Olivier; Greenstone, Michael
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Brookings Institution
摘要：Using random year-to-year variation in temperature, we document the relationship between daily temperatures and annual mortality rates and daily temperatures and annual residential energy consumption. Both relationships exhibit nonlinearities, with significant increases at the extremes of the temperature distribution. The application of these results to business as usual climate predictions indicates that by the end of the century climate change will lead to increases of 3 percent in the age-a...
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作者：Anderson, Siwan
作者单位：University of British Columbia; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR)
摘要：We compare outcomes across two types of villages in rural India. Villages vary by which caste is dominant (owns the majority of land): either a low or high caste. The key finding is that income is substantially higher for low-caste households residing in villages dominated by a low caste. This seems to be due to a trade breakdown in irrigation water across caste groups. All else equal, lower caste water buyers have agricultural yields which are 45 percent higher if they reside in a village whe...
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作者：Stephens, Melvin, Jr.; Unayama, Takashi
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; Kobe University
摘要：Japanese public pension benefits, which were distributed quarterly through February 1990, and every other month since then, induce substantial but predictable income fluctuations. The relative magnitude of the payments combined with the delay between payments yields a stronger test of the Life-Cycle/Permanent Income Hypothesis than in prior studies. Applying two identification strategies to monthly household panel data, we find that consumption significantly responds to quarterly benefit recei...
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作者：Doyle, Joseph J., Jr.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Health care spending varies widely across markets, and previous research finds little evidence that higher spending translates into better health outcomes. The main innovation in this paper exploits this cross-sectional variation in hospital spending in a new way by considering emergency patients who are exposed to healthcare systems when they are far from home. Visitors to Florida who become ill in high-spending areas have significantly lower mortality rates compared to visitors in lower spen...
