-
作者：Currie, Janet; Walker, Reed
作者单位：Columbia University
摘要：We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, (E-ZPass), which greatly reduced both traffic congestion and vehicle emissions near highway toll plazas. We show that the introduction of E-ZPass reduced prematurity and low birth weight among mothers within 2 kilometers (km) of a toll plaza by 10.8 percent and 11.8 percent, respectively, relative to mothers 2-10 km from a toll plaza. There were no immediate changes in the characteristics of mothers or in housing prices near toll plaza...
-
作者：Aslund, Olof; Edin, Per-Anders; Fredriksson, Peter; Gronqvist, Hans
作者单位：Uppsala University; Stockholm University; Stockholm University
摘要：We examine to what extent immigrant school performance is affected by the characteristics of the neighborhoods that they grow up in. We address this issue using a refugee placement policy that provides exogenous variation in the initial place of residence in Sweden. The main result is that school performance is increasing in the number of highly educated adults sharing the subject's ethnicity. A standard deviation increase in the fraction of high-educated in the assigned neighborhood raises co...
-
作者：Attanasio, Orazio; Kugler, Adriana; Meghir, Costas
作者单位：University of London; University College London; National Bureau of Economic Research; Georgetown University; Yale University
摘要：This paper evaluates the impact of a randomized training program for disadvantaged youth introduced in Colombia in 2005. This randomized trial offers a unique opportunity to examine the impact of training in a middle income country. We use originally collected data on individuals randomly offered and not offered training. The program raises earnings and employment for women. Women offered training earn 19.6 percent more and have a 0.068 higher probability of paid employment than those not offe...
-
作者：Deaton, Angus; Dupriez, Olivier
作者单位：Princeton University; The World Bank
摘要：The global poverty count uses a common global poverty line, often referred to as the dollar-a-day line, currently $1.25 at 2005 international prices, whose construction and application depends on purchasing power parity (PPP) exchange rates for consumption. The price indexes that underlie the PPPs used for this purpose are constructed for purposes of national income accounting, using weights that represent patterns of aggregate consumption, not the consumption patterns of the global poor. We u...
-
作者：Jacobson, Mireille; Royer, Heather
作者单位：RAND Corporation; Rand Health; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Between 1973 and 2003, abortion providers in the United States were the targets of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel is taken into account, however, the overall effect...
-
作者：Bardhan, Pranab; Mookherjee, Dilip
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Boston University
摘要：We examine the role of delivery of subsidized seeds and fertilizers in the form of agricultural minikits by local governments in three successive farm panels in West Bengal spanning 1982-1995. These programs significantly raised farm value added per acre, accounting for almost two-thirds of the observed growth. The estimates are robust to possible endogeneity of program placement, controls for farm and year effects, other programs of agricultural development, local weather, and price shocks. T...
-
作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Schneider, Henry S.
作者单位：Northwestern University; Cornell University
摘要：This study investigates the role of social networks in aligning the incentives of agents in settings with incomplete contracts. Specifically, the study examines the New York City taxi industry where taxis are often leased and lessee-drivers have worse driving outcomes than owner-drivers due to moral hazard. Using within-driver variation and instrumental variable strategies to remove selection, we find that drivers leasing from members of their country-of-birth community exhibit significantly r...
-
作者：Abramitzky, Ran; Delavande, Adeline; Vasconcelos, Luis
作者单位：Stanford University; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; RAND Corporation; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：We assemble a novel dataset to study the impact of male scarcity on marital assortative matching and other marriage market outcomes using the large shock that WWI caused to the number of French men. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that postwar in regions with higher mortality rates: men were less likely to marry women of lower social classes; men were more likely and women less likely to marry; out-of-wedlock births increased; divorce rates decreased; and the age gap decrea...
-
作者：Miguel, Edward; Satyanath, Shanker
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research; New York University
摘要：Miguel, Satyanath, and Ernest Sergenti (2004), henceforth MSS, show that economic growth is negatively related to civil conflict in Africa, using annual rainfall variation as an IV for growth. Antonio Ciccone (2011) argues that thanks to rainfall's mean-reverting nature, rainfall levels are preferable to annual changes. We make three points. First, MSS's findings hold using rainfall levels as instruments. Second, Ciccone (2011) does not provide theoretical justification for preferring rainfall...
-
作者：Cortes, Patricia; Tessada, Jose
作者单位：Boston University; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：Low-skilled immigrants represent a significant fraction of employment in services that are close substitutes of household production. This paper studies whether the increased supply of low-skilled immigrants has led high-skilled women, who have the highest opportunity cost of time, to change their time-use decisions. Exploiting cross-city variation in immigrant concentration, we find that low-skilled immigration increases average hours of market work and the probability of working long hours o...
