Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
成果类型：
Article
署名作者：
Levitt, Steven D.; List, John A.
署名单位：
University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research
刊物名称：
AMERICAN ECONOMIC JOURNAL-APPLIED ECONOMICS
ISSN/ISSBN：
1945-7782
DOI：
10.1257/app.3.1.224
发表日期：
2011
页码：
224-238
关键词：
摘要：
The Hawthorne effect draws its name from a landmark set of studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant in the 1920s. The data from the first and most influential of these studies, the Illumination Experiment, were never formally analyzed and were thought to have been destroyed. Our research has uncovered these data. Existing descriptions of supposedly remarkable data patterns prove to be entirely fictional. We do find more subtle manifestations of possible Hawthorne effects. We also propose a new means of testing for Hawthorne effects based on excess responsiveness to experimenter-induced variations relative to naturally occurring variation. (JEL C90, J24, J28, M12, M54, N32)
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