-
作者：Hjort, Jonas; Solvsten, Mikkel; Wust, Miriam
作者单位：Columbia University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper examines the long-run health effects of a universal infant health intervention, the 1937 Danish home visiting program, which targeted all infants. Using administrative population data and exploiting variation in the timing of implementation across municipalities, we find that treated individuals enjoy higher age-specific survival rates during middle age (45-64), experience fewer hospital nights, and are less likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. These results suggest t...
-
作者：He, Guojun; Wang, Shaoda
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This study estimates the effect of improved bureaucrat quality on poverty alleviation by exploring a unique human capital reallocation policy in China-the College Graduate Village Officials (CGVOs) program. We find that introducing CGVOs into the village governance system improves the targeting and implementation of the central government's social assistance programs. CGVOs help eligible poor households understand and apply for relevant subsidies, thus increasing the number of pro-poor program...
-
作者：Chen, Shuo; Lan, Xiaohuan
作者单位：Fudan University; Fudan University; Fudan University
摘要：The elimination of private property rights can lead to ineffcient use of productive assets. In China's collectivization movement from 1955 to 1957, instead of transferring draft animals to the ownership of the collectives, peasants slaughtered them to keep the meat and hide. By comparing 1,600 counties that launched the movement in different years, the difference-in-differences estimates suggest that the animal loss during the movement was 12 to 15 percent, or 7.4-9.5 million head. Grain outpu...
-
作者：La Ferrara, Eliana; Milazzo, Annamaria
作者单位：Bocconi University; Bocconi University
摘要：We study the role of traditional norms in land allocation and human capital investment. We exploit a policy experiment in Ghana that increased the land that children from matrilineal groups could inherit from their fathers. Boys exposed to the reform received 0.9 less years of education-an effect driven by landed households, for whom the reform was binding. We find no effect for girls, whose inheritance was de facto unaffected. These patterns suggest that before the reform matrilineal groups i...
-
作者：Chimeli, Ariaster B.; Soares, Rodr R.
作者单位：Universidade de Sao Paulo; Columbia University; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：We provide evidence on the effect of market illegality on violence. Brazil was historically the main exporter of mahogany. Starting in the 1990s, trade was restricted and eventually prohibited. We build on previous evidence that mahogany trade persisted after prohibition and document relative increases in violence in areas with natural occurrence of mahogany. We show that as illegal activity receded in the late 2000s so did the relative increase in violence. We describe an experience of increa...
-
作者：Bassi, Vittorio; Rasul, Imran
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of London; University College London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We study the persuasive impacts of non-informative communication on the short-run beliefs and long-run behavior of individuals. We do so in the context of the Papal visit to Brazil in October 1991, in which persuasive messages related to fertility were salient in Papal speeches during the visit. We use individual's exposure to such messages to measure how persuasion shifts short-run beliefs such as intentions to contracept and long-term fertility outcomes such as the timing and total number of...
-
作者：Rocha, Rudi; Ferraz, Claudio; Soares, Rodrigo R.
作者单位：Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Columbia University; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper documents the persistence of human capital over time and its association with long-term development. We exploit variation induced by a state-sponsored settlement policy that attracted immigrants with higher levels of schooling to particular regions of Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We show that one century after the policy, municipalities that received settlements had higher levels of schooling and higher income per capita. We provide evidence that long-r...
-
作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Battistin, Erich; Vuri, Daniela
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：Instrumental variables (IV) estimates show strong class-size effects in Southern Italy. But Italy's Mezzogiorno is distinguished by manipulation of standardized test scores as well as by economic disadvantage. IV estimates suggest small classes increase manipulation. We argue that score manipulation is a consequence of teacher shirking. IV estimates of a causal model for achievement as a function of class size and score manipulation show that class-size effects on measured achievement are driv...
-
作者：Do, Quoc-Anh; Nguyen, Kieu-Trang; Tran, Anh N.
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：We study patronage politics in authoritarian Vietnam, using an exhaustive panel of ranking officials from 2000 to 2010 to estimate their promotions' impact on infrastructure in their hometowns of patrilineal ancestry. Native officials' promotions lead to a broad range of hometown infrastructure improvement. Hometown favoritism is pervasive across all ranks, even among officials without budget authority, except among elected legislators. Favors are narrowly targeted toward small communes that h...
-
作者：Banerji, Rukmini; Berry, James; Shotland, Marc
作者单位：University of Delaware
摘要：Using a randomized field experiment in India, we evaluate the effectiveness of adult literacy and parental involvement interventions in improving children's learning. Households were assigned to receive either adult literacy (language and math) classes for mothers, training for mothers on how to enhance their children's learning at home, or a combination of the two programs. All three interventions had significant but modest impacts on childrens math scores. The interventions also increased mo...
