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作者：Rocha, Rudi; Ferraz, Claudio; Soares, Rodrigo R.
作者单位：Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; Columbia University; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：This paper documents the persistence of human capital over time and its association with long-term development. We exploit variation induced by a state-sponsored settlement policy that attracted immigrants with higher levels of schooling to particular regions of Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We show that one century after the policy, municipalities that received settlements had higher levels of schooling and higher income per capita. We provide evidence that long-r...
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作者：Bazzi, Samuel
作者单位：Boston University
摘要：How do income shocks affect international migration flows from poor countries? Income growth not only increases the opportunity cost of migration but also eases liquidity constraints. I develop a method to separate these countervailing individual effects and identify the overall income elasticity of migration. Using new administrative and census data from Indonesia, I find that positive agricultural income shocks increase labor emigration flows, particularly in villages with relatively more sm...
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作者：Edelman, Benjamin; Luca, Michael; Svirsky, Dan
作者单位：Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University; Harvard University
摘要：In an experiment on Airbnb, we find that applications from guests with distinctively African American names are 16 percent less likely to be accepted relative to identical guests with distinctively white names. Discrimination occurs among landlords of all sizes, including small landlords sharing the property and larger landlords with multiple properties. It is most pronounced among hosts who have never had an African American guest, suggesting only a subset of hosts discriminate. While rental ...
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作者：Asher, Sam; Novosad, Paul
作者单位：The World Bank; Dartmouth College
摘要：Political favoritism affects the allocation of government resources, but is it consequential for growth? Using a close election regression discontinuity design and data from India, we measure the local economic impact of being represented by a politician in the ruling party. Favoritism leads to higher private sector employment, higher share prices (Onus, and increased output as measured by night lights; the three effects are similar and economically substantive. Finally, we present evidence th...
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作者：Angrist, Joshua D.; Battistin, Erich; Vuri, Daniela
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：Instrumental variables (IV) estimates show strong class-size effects in Southern Italy. But Italy's Mezzogiorno is distinguished by manipulation of standardized test scores as well as by economic disadvantage. IV estimates suggest small classes increase manipulation. We argue that score manipulation is a consequence of teacher shirking. IV estimates of a causal model for achievement as a function of class size and score manipulation show that class-size effects on measured achievement are driv...
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作者：Nyqvist, Martina Bjorkman; de Walque, Damien; Svensson, Jakob
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; The World Bank; Stockholm University
摘要：We evaluate the longer run impact of a local accountability intervention in primary health care provision in Uganda. Short-run improvements in health care delivery and health outcomes remained in the longer run despite minimal follow-up. We find no impact on the quality of care or health. outcomes of a lower cost intervention that focused on encouraging participation but did not provide information on staff performance. We provide suggestive evidence that informed beneficiaries are more likely...
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作者：Do, Quoc-Anh; Nguyen, Kieu-Trang; Tran, Anh N.
作者单位：Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：We study patronage politics in authoritarian Vietnam, using an exhaustive panel of ranking officials from 2000 to 2010 to estimate their promotions' impact on infrastructure in their hometowns of patrilineal ancestry. Native officials' promotions lead to a broad range of hometown infrastructure improvement. Hometown favoritism is pervasive across all ranks, even among officials without budget authority, except among elected legislators. Favors are narrowly targeted toward small communes that h...
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作者：Bhavnani, Rikhil R.
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison
摘要：Do electoral quotas for ethnic groups continue to improve their chances of winning elections after quotas are withdrawn? This is an important question since ethnic group quotas are common, and are often intended to be temporary. Using natural experiments, I find that electoral quotas for India's scheduled castes (SCs) fail to boost SCs' chances of winning office after they are discontinued. These results contrast with the significant positive effects of past women's quotas found in similar con...
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作者：Cristia, Julian; Ibarraran, Pablo; Cueto, Santiago; Santiago, Ana; Severin, Eugenio
作者单位：Inter-American Development Bank; Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Peru
摘要：This paper presents results from a large-scale randomized evaluation of the One Laptop per Child program, using data collected after 15 months of implementation in 318 primary schools in rural Peru. The program increased the ratio of computers per student from 0.12 to 1.18 in treatment schools. This expansion in access translated into substantial increases in use of computers both at school and at home. No evidence is found of effects on test scores in math and language. There is some evidence...
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作者：Lyons, Elizabeth
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：Coworkers are increasingly diverse in their nationality and skill sets. This paper studies the effect of diversity on how workers are organized using data from a field experiment conducted in an environment where diversity is pervasive. Findings show that team organization improves outcomes when workers are from the same country. The opposite is true when workers are nationally diverse. These results are more pronounced for teams of workers with specialized skills. Further investigation of the...
