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作者：Klier, Thomas; Linn, Joshua
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago; Resources for the Future
摘要：France, Germany, and Sweden link taxes to passenger vehicles' carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rates. Based on new vehicle registration data from 2005 to 2010, we find that CO2 taxes reduce registrations. The effect is larger in France than in either Germany or Sweden, and the French results are robust to alternative estimation models. Compared with those of France, the German results vary somewhat more, and the Swedish estimates are the least robust. We find some evidence that the French tax af...
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作者：Fisher, Lynn M.; Lambie-Hanson, Lauren; Willen, Paul
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Boston
摘要：We measure the effect of foreclosures on the sale prices of nearby properties using a dataset of condominiums in Boston. A foreclosure in the same association and at the same address depresses the sale price by 2.5 percent, but properties in the same association but located at a different address have an effect that is tightly estimated at zero. Since properties in the same association are close substitutes, we argue that the evidence points against the pecuniary externality of property coming...
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作者：Lutz, Byron
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：Do low property taxes attract new home construction? This question is answered using a large shock to property tax burdens caused by an unusual school finance reform in the state of New Hampshire. The estimates suggest that, in most of the state, communities with a reduced tax burden experience a substantial increase in residential construction. In the area of the state near the region's primary urban center (Boston), however, the shock clears through a price adjustment-i.e., by capitalizing i...
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作者：Lewis, Matthew S.; Pflum, Kevin E.
作者单位：Clemson University; University of Alabama System; University of Alabama Tuscaloosa
摘要：We investigate the impact of hospital system membership on negotiations between hospitals and managed care organizations (MCOs). Previous research finds that system hospitals secure higher reimbursements by exploiting local market concentration. By leveraging system membership in the bargaining game, however, system hospitals may also extract a higher percentage of their value to an MCO. Our findings reveal that more of the observed price gap between system and nonsystem hospitals can be attri...
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作者：Rohlfs, Chris; Sullivan, Ryan; Kniesner, Thomas
作者单位：Morgan Stanley; United States Department of Defense; United States Navy; Naval Postgraduate School; Claremont Colleges; Claremont Graduate University
摘要：Due to federal regulations, automobile air bag availability was a model-specific discontinuous function of model year for used vehicles in the 1990s and early 2000s. We use the discontinuities and the gradual increase in the supply of air bags to trace out the demand curve for air bags and the implied distribution of the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) across consumers. Although imprecise, our preferred point estimates indicate that the median VSL is between $9 million and $11 million and th...
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作者：Liebman, Jeffrey B.; Luttmer, Erzo F. P.
作者单位：Harvard University; Dartmouth College
摘要：This paper presents the results of a randomized field experiment that provided information about key Social Security features to older workers. The experiment was designed to examine whether it is possible to affect individual behavior using a relatively inexpensive informational intervention about the provisions of a public program and to explore the mechanisms underlying the behavior change. We find that our relatively mild intervention (sending an informational brochure and an invitation to...
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作者：Bachmann, Ruediger; Berg, Tim O.; Sims, Eric R.
作者单位：RWTH Aachen University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Notre Dame; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：There have been suggestions for monetary policy to engineer higher inflation expectations to stimulate spending. We examine the relationship between expected inflation and spending attitudes using the microdata from the Michigan Survey of Consumers. The impact of higher inflation expectations on the reported readiness to spend on durables is generally small, outside the zero lower bound, often statistically insignificant, and inside of it typically significantly negative. In our baseline speci...
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作者：Feldman, Naomi E.; Ruffle, Bradley J.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve System Board of Governors; Wilfrid Laurier University
摘要：We test the equivalence of tax-inclusive, tax-exclusive and tax-rebate prices through a series of experiments differing only in their handling of the tax. Subjects receive a cash budget and decide how much to keep and how much to spend on various attractively priced goods. Subjects spend significantly more under tax-exclusive prices whereas total purchases under tax-inclusive and tax-rebate prices are similar. These results persist throughout most of the ten rounds despite feedback and the abi...
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作者：Bo, Erlend E.; Slemrod, Joel; Thoresen, Thor O.
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Oslo
摘要：Although Norway has a long tradition of public disclosure of tax filings, starting in 2001 anyone with Internet access could obtain individual information on income and income taxes paid. We examine the effect on income reporting of this change in the degree of public disclosure, making use of the fact that prior to 2001, in some municipalities, tax information was distributed widely through locally produced paper catalogs. We find an approximately 3 percent higher average increase in reported...
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作者：Hodler, Roland; Luechinger, Simon; Stutzer, Alois
作者单位：University of St Gallen; University of Lucerne; University of Basel
摘要：Increasing the attractiveness of voting is often seen as a remedy for unequal participation and the influence of special-interest groups on public policy. However, lower voting costs may also bring less informed citizens to the poll, thereby inviting efforts to sway these voters. We substantiate this argument in a probabilistic voting model with campaign contributions. In an empirical analysis for the 26 Swiss cantons, we find that lower voting costs due to postal voting are related to higher ...
