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作者：Handley, Kyle; Limao, Nuno
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：In a dynamic model with sunk export costs, a firm's export investment is lower under trade policy uncertainty, and credible preferential trade agreements (PTAs) increase trade even if current tariffs are low. Exploring Portugal's accession to the European Community as a policy uncertainty shock we find that the trade reform accounted for a large fraction of Portuguese exporting firms' entry and sales; the accession removed uncertainty about future EC trade policies; and this uncertainty channe...
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作者：Barcellos, Silvia Helena; Jacobson, Mireille
作者单位：University of Southern California; University of California System; University of California Irvine; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Medicare offers substantial protection from medical expenditure risk, protection that has increased in recent years. At age 65, out-of-pocket expenditures drop by 33 percent at the mean and 53 percent at the ninety-fifth percentile. Medical-related financial strain, such as difficulty paying bills and collections agency contact, is dramatically reduced. Nonetheless, using a stylized expected utility framework, the gain from reducing out-of-pocket expenditures accounts for only 18 percent of th...
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作者：Fitzpatrick, Maria Donovan
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：Public sector employees receive large fractions of their lifetime income in the form of deferred compensation. The introduction of the opportunity provided to Illinois public school employees to purchase additional pension benefits allows me to estimate employees' willingness-to-pay for benefits relative to the cost of providing them. The results show employees are willing to pay 20 cents on average for a dollar increase in the present value of expected retirement benefits. The findings sugges...
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作者：Landais, Camille
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：I show how, in the tradition of the dynamic labor supply literature, one can identify the moral hazard effects and liquidity effects of unemployment insurance (UI) using variations along the time profile of unemployment benefits. I use this strategy to investigate the anatomy of labor supply responses to UI. I identify the effect of benefit level and potential duration in the regression kink design using kinks in the schedule of benefits in the US. My results suggest that the response of searc...
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作者：Stevens, Ann H.; Miller, Douglas L.; Page, Marianne E.; Filipski, Mateusz
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis
摘要：It is well-known that mortality rates are pro-cyclical. In this paper, we attempt to understand why. We find little evidence that cyclical changes in individuals' own employment-related behavior drives the relationship; own-group employment rates are not systematically related to own-group mortality. Further, most additional deaths that occur when the economy is strong are among the elderly, particularly elderly women and those residing in nursing homes. We also demonstrate that staffing in nu...
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作者：Engstrom, Per; Nordblom, Katarina; Ohlsson, Henry; Persson, Annika
作者单位：Uppsala University; University of Gothenburg
摘要：We study if taxpayers are loss averse when filing returns. Preliminary deficits might be viewed as losses assuming zero preliminary balances as reference points. Swedish taxpayers can to try to escape such losses by claiming deductions after receiving information about the preliminary balance. Using a regression kink and discontinuity approach, we study data for 3.6 million Swedish taxpayers for 2006. There are strong causal effects of preliminary tax deficits on the probability of claiming de...
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作者：Campbell, John Y.; Ramadorai, Tarun; Ranish, Benjamin
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Oxford; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Federal Reserve System - USA
摘要：We employ loan-level data on over a million loans disbursed in India between 1995 and 2010 to understand how fast-changing regulation impacted mortgage lending and risk. Our paper uses changes in regulatory treatment discontinuities associated with loan size and leverage to detect regulation-induced loan delinquencies. We also find that an acceleration in the classification of assets as nonperforming resulted in substantially lower delinquency probabilities and losses given delinquency.
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作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer M.; Sims, Katharine R. E.; Yanez-Pagans, Patricia
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; Amherst College; Inter-American Development Bank
摘要：Environmental conditional cash transfers are popular but their impacts are not well understood. We evaluate land cover and wealth impacts of a federal program that pays landowners for protecting forest. Panel data for program beneficiaries and rejected applicants allow us to control for fixed differences and time trends affecting both groups. We find the program reduces the expected land cover loss by 40-51 percent and generates small but positive poverty alleviation. Environmental gains are h...
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作者：Cassan, Guilhem
作者单位：University of Namur
摘要：I study identity-marker based policies and demonstrate the existence of identity manipulation. I analyze the impact of the Punjab Alienation of Land Act (1901), a caste-based legislation, on identity manipulation. Using data from the colonial census, I show that a movement of identity manipulation took place in response to the law. I estimate that in 20 years, 7.5 percent of the population that had an incentive to do so manipulated its identity. I then use an accounting exercise to estimate th...
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作者：Kahn, Matthew E.; Li, Pei; Zhao, Daxuan
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; National University of Singapore; Agency for Science Technology & Research (A*STAR); A*STAR - Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC); National University of Singapore
摘要：At political boundaries, local leaders have weak incentives to reduce polluting activity because the social costs are borne by downstream neighbors. This paper exploits a natural experiment set in China in which the central government changed the local political promotion criteria and thus incentivized local officials to reduce border pollution along specific criteria. We document evidence of pollution progress with respect to targeted criteria at province boundaries. Heavy metal pollutants, n...
