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作者：Bloom, Nicholas; Mahajan, Aprajit; McKenzie, David; Roberts, John
作者单位：Stanford University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; The World Bank; Stanford University
摘要：We revisited Indian weaving firms nine years after a randomized experiment that changed their management practices. While about half of the practices adopted in the original experimental plants had been dropped, there was still a large and significant gap in practices between the treatment and control plants, suggesting lasting impacts of effective management interventions. Few practices had spread across the firms in the study, but many had spread within firms. Managerial turnover and the lac...
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作者：Ganapati, Sharat; Shapiro, Joseph S.; Walker, Reed
作者单位：Georgetown University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We study how changes in energy input costs for US manufacturers affect the relative welfare of manufacturing producers and consumers (i.e., incidence). We also develop a methodology to estimate the incidence of input taxes that accounts for incomplete pass-through, imperfect competition, and substitution among inputs. For the several industries we study, 70 percent of energy price-driven changes in input costs get passed through to consumers in the short to medium run. The share of the welfare...
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作者：Gagliarducci, Stefano; Manacorda, Marco
作者单位：University of Rome Tor Vergata; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper studies the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals' labor market outcomes. Using data for Italy spanning more than three decades on a sample of almost one million individuals plus data on the universe of individuals holding political office, we show that politicians extract significant rents, in terms of private sector jobs, for their family members. We present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that this phenomenon is a form of corruption, i.e., a quid pro ...
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作者：Atalay, Enghin; Phongthiengtham, Phai; Sotelo, Sebastian; Tannenbaum, Daniel
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; International Business Machines (IBM); IBM USA; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：Using the text from job ads, we introduce a new' dataset to describe the evolution of work from 1950 to 2000. We show that the transformation of the US labor market away from routine cognitive and manual tasks and toward nonroutine interactive and analytic tasks has been larger than prior research has found, with a substantial fraction of total changes occurring within narrowly defined job titles. We provide narrative and systematic evidence on changes in task content within job titles and on ...
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作者：Jack, TKelsey; Smith, Grant
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Cape Town
摘要：Monthly bills for services such as electricity often go unpaid in developing countries. Prepaid meters offer a potential technological solution. In Cape Town, South Africa, over 4,000 residential customers on monthly billing were switched to prepaid metering, with random variation in the timing of the switch. In response, electricity use falls by 14 percent, driven at least in part by an increase in marginal price sensitivity. The decrease in revenue to the municipal electric utility is more t...
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作者：Deutscher, Nathan
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：I use variation in the age at which children move to show that where an Australian child grows up has a causal effect on their adult income, education, marriage, and fertility. In doing so, I replicate the findings of Chetty and Hendren (2018a) in a country with less inequality, more social mobility, and different institutions. Across all outcomes, place typically matters most during the teenage years. Finally, I provide suggestive evidence of peer effects using cross-cohort variation in the p...
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作者：Ganguli, Ina; Lin, Jeffrey; Reynolds, Nicholas
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia; Brown University; Brown University
摘要：We show evidence of localized knowledge spillovers using a new database of US patent interferences terminated between 1998 and 2014. Interferences resulted wizen two or more independent parties submitted identical claims of invention nearly simultaneously. Following the idea that inventors of identical inventions share common knowledge inputs, interferences provide a new method for measuring knowledge spillovers. Interfering inventors are 1.4 to 4.0 times more likely to live in the same local ...
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作者：Mahajan, Parag; Yang, Dean
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Do negative shocks in origin countries encourage or inhibit international migration? What roles do networks play in modifying out-migration responses? The answers to these questions are not theoretically obvious, and past empirical findings are equivocal. We examine the impact of hurricanes on a quarter century of international migration to the United States. Hurricanes increase migration to the United States, with the effect's magnitude increasing in the size of prior migrant stocks. We provi...
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作者：Kocornik-Mina, Adriana; McDermott, Thomas K. J.; Michaels, Guy; Rauch, Ferdinand
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Oxford
摘要：Does economic activity move away from areas that are at high risk of recurring shocks? We examine this question in the context of floods, which displaced more than 650 million people worldwide in the last 35 years. We study large urban floods using spatially detailed inundation maps and night lights data spanning the globe's cities. We find that low-elevation urban areas are flooded more frequently, and yet they concentrate more economic activity per square kilometer. When cities are flooded, ...
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作者：Zeltzer, Dan
作者单位：Tel Aviv University
摘要：I assess the extent to which the gender gap in physician earnings may be driven by physicians' preference for referring to specialists of the same gender. Analyzing administrative data on 100 million Medicare patient referrals, I provide robust evidence that doctors refer more to specialists of their own gender. I show that biased referrals are predominantly driven by physicians' decisions rather than by endogenous sorting of physicians or patients. Because most referring doctors are male, the...
