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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Gielen, Anne C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); Erasmus University Rotterdam; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Tinbergen Institute
摘要：Using a 1993 Dutch policy reform and a regression discontinuity design, we find children of parents whose disability insurance (DI) eligibility was reduced are 11 percent less likely to participate in DI themselves, do not alter their use of other government programs, and earn 2 percent more as adults. The reduced transfers and increased taxes of children account for 40 percent of the fiscal savings relative to parents in present discounted value terms. Moreover, children of treated parents co...
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作者：Colmer, Jonathan
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：To what degree can labor reallocation mitigate the economic consequences of weather-driven agricultural productivity shocks? I estimate that temperature-driven reductions in the demand for agricultural labor in India are associated with increases in nonagricultural employment. This suggests that the ability of nonagricultural sectors to absorb workers may play a key role in attenuating the economic consequences of agricultural productivity shocks. Exploiting firm-level variation in the propens...
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作者：Mohanan, Manoj; Donato, Katherine; Miller, Grant; Truskinovsky, Yulya; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：Duke University; Boston Consulting Group (BCG); Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Wayne State University; University of London; University College London
摘要：A central issue in designing incentive contracts is the decision to reward agents' input use versus outputs. The trade-off between risk and return to innovation in production can also lead agents with varying skill levels to perform differentially under different contracts. We study this issue experimentally, observing and verifying inputs and outputs in Indian maternity care. We find that both contract types achieve comparable reductions in postpartum hemorrhage rates, but payments for output...
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作者：Colussi, Tommaso; Isphording, Ingo E.; Pestel, Nico
作者单位：Catholic University of the Sacred Heart; IZA Institute Labor Economics; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We investigate how the salience of an ethnic minority affects the majority group's voting behavior. We use the increased salience of Muslim communities during Ramadan as a natural experiment. Exploiting exogenous variation in the distance of election dates to Ramadan over the 1980-2013 period in Germany, our findings reveal an increased polarization. Vote shares for both right- and left-wing extremist parties increase in municipalities with mosques when an election takes place shortly after Ra...
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作者：Bazzi, Samuel; Gudgeon, Matthew
作者单位：Boston University; United States Military Academy; United States Department of Defense; United States Army
摘要：We use a policy experiment in Indonesia to show how local political boundaries affect ethnic tension. Redrawing district borders along group lines reduces conflict. However, the gains in stability are undone or even reversed when new boundaries increase ethnic polarization. Greater polarization leads to more violence around majoritarian elections but has little effect around lower-stakes, proportional representation elections. These results point to distinct incentives for violence in winner-t...
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作者：Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：Vanderbilt University
摘要：This paper quantifies the health impacts of petroleum leaks from underground storage tanks, the effectiveness of tank regulation, and the role of information as a policy tool in the same setting. Exposure to a leaking underground storage tank during gestation increases both the probability of low birthweight and preterm birth by 7-8 percent. Compliance with regulations requiring the adoption of preventative technologies mitigated the entire effect of leak exposure on low birthweight, and infor...
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作者：Herrnstadt, Evan; Heyes, Anthony; Muehlegger, Erich; Saberian, Soodeh
作者单位：Congressional Budget Office; University of Ottawa; University of Exeter; University of California System; University of California Davis; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Manitoba
摘要：A growing literature documents that air pollution adversely impacts health, productivity, and cognition. This paper provides the first evidence of a causal link between air pollution and aggressive behavior, as documented by violent crime. Using the geolocation of crimes in Chicago from 2001-2012, we compare crime upwind and downwind of major highways on days when wind blows orthogonally to the road. Consistent with research linking pollution to aggression, we find that air pollution increases...
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作者：Herskowitz, Sylvan
作者单位：CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：I present evidence that unmet liquidity needs for indivisible, lumpy, expenditures increase demand for betting as a second-best method of liquidity generation in the presence of financial constraints. With a sample of 1,708 sports bettors in Kampala, Uganda, I show that participants' targeted payouts are linked to anticipated expenditures, while winnings increase lumpy expenditures disproportionately. I show that a randomized savings treatment decreases demand for betting. And I use two lab-in...
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作者：Benzell, Seth G.; Cooke, Kevin
作者单位：Chapman University System; Chapman University
摘要：We construct a database linking European royal kinship networks, monarchies, and wars to study the effect of family ties on conflict. To establish causality, we exploit decreases in connection caused by apolitical deaths of rulers' mutual relatives. These deaths are associated with substantial increases in the frequency and duration of war. We provide evidence that these deaths affect conflict only through changing the kinship network. Over our period of interest, the percentage of European mo...
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作者：Muralidharan, Karthik; Niehaus, Paul; Sukhtankar, Sandip; Weaver, Jeffrey
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California San Diego; University of Virginia; University of Southern California
摘要：Improving last-mile public service delivery is a recurring challenge in developing countries. Could the widespread adoption of mobile phones provide a scalable, cost-effective means for improvement? We use a large-scale experiment to evaluate the impact of phone-based monitoring on a program that transferred nearly a billion dollars to 5.7 million Indian farmers. In randomly selected jurisdictions, officials were informed that program implementation would be measured via calls with beneficiari...
