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作者：Acciari, Paolo; Polo, Alberto; Violante, Giovanni L.
作者单位：Bank of England; Princeton University
摘要：We estimate intergenerational income mobility in Italy using administrative data from tax returns. Our estimates of mobility are higher than prior work using survey data and indirect methods. The rankrank slope of parent-child income is 0.22, compared to 0.18 in Denmark and 0.34 in the United States. The probability that a child reaches the top quintile of the national income distribution starting from a family in the bottom quintile is 0.11. We uncover substantial geographical variation: upwa...
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作者：Artmann, Elisabeth; Oosterbeek, Hessel; van der Klaauw, Bas
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
摘要：To assess the importance of unequal access to medical expertise and services, we estimate the causal effects of having a child who is a doctor on parents' mortality and health care use. We use data from parents of almost 22,000 participants in admission lotteries to medical school in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that informal access to medical expertise and services is not an important cause of differences in health care use and mortality.
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作者：Bailey, Michael; Johnston, Drew; Kuchler, Theresa; Stroebel, Johannes; Wong, Arlene
作者单位：Facebook Inc; Harvard University; New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); Princeton University
摘要：We use de-identified data from Facebook to study the nature of peer effects in the market for cell phones. To identify peer effects, we exploit variation in friends' new phone acquisitions resulting from random phone losses. A new phone purchase by a friend has a large and persistent effect on an individual's own demand for phones of the same brand. While peer effects increase the overall demand for phones, a friend's purchase of a particular phone brand can reduce an individual's own demand f...
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作者：Chen, Yiqun; Persson, Petra; Polyakova, Maria
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; Stanford University; Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN); National Bureau of Economic Research; Stanford University
摘要：In the context of Sweden, we show that having a doctor in the family raises preventive health investments throughout the life cycle, improves physical health, and prolongs life. Two quasi-experimental research designs-medical school admission lotteries and variation in the timing of medical degrees-support a causal interpretation of these effects. A hypothetical policy that would bring the same health behavior changes and benefits to all Swedes would close 18 percent of the mortality-income gr...
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作者：Denning, Jeffrey T.; Eide, Eric R.; Mumford, Kevin J.; Patterson, Richard W.; Warnick, Merrill
作者单位：Brigham Young University; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Purdue University System; Purdue University; Stanford University
摘要：We document that college completion rates have increased since the 1990s, after declining in the 1970s and 1980s. We find that most of the increase in graduation rates can be explained by grade inflation and that other factors, such as changing student characteristics and institutional resources, play little or no role. This is because GPA strongly predicts graduation, and GPAs have been rising since the 1990s. This finding holds in national survey data and in records from nine large public un...
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作者：Stephens, Melvin; Toohey, Desmond
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Delaware
摘要：While economists have posited that health investments increase earnings, isolating the causal effect of health is challenging due to reverse causality and unobserved heterogeneity. We examine the labor market effects of a randomized controlled trial, the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT), which monitored nearly 13,000 men for over six years. We find that this intervention, which provided a bundle of treatments to reduce coronary heart disease mortality, increased earnings and fam...
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作者：Fitzsimons, Emla; Vera-Hernandez, Marcos
作者单位：University of London; University College London; UCL Institute of Education; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of London; University College London
摘要：We show that children who are born at or just before the week-end are less likely to be breastfed, owing to poorer breastfeeding support services in hospitals at weekends. We use this variation to estimate the effect of breastfeeding on children's development in the first seven years of life, for a sample of births of low-educated mothers. We find large effects of breastfeeding on children's cog-nitive development but no effects on health or noncognitive devel-opment during the period of child...
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作者：Afzal, Uzma; D'Adda, Giovanna; Fafchamps, Marcel; Said, Farah
作者单位：New York University; New York University Abu Dhabi; University of Milan; Stanford University; Lahore School of Economics
摘要：We conduct lab experiments to investigate demand for consumption agency in married couples from Pakistan. Most subjects are no better at guessing their spouse's preferences than those of a stranger, suggesting that individual executive agency has instrumental value. We find significant evidence of demand for agency in all experiments, varying with the cost and anticipated instrumental benefit of agency. But subjects often make choices incompatible with purely instrumental motives-e.g., paying ...
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作者：Esposito, Elena
作者单位：University of Lausanne
摘要：This paper documents the role of malaria in the diffusion of African slavery in the United States. The novel empirical evidence reveals that the introduction of malaria triggered a demand for malaria-resistant labor, which led to a massive expansion of African enslaved workers in the more malaria-infested areas. Further results document that among African slaves, more malaria-resistant individuals-i.e., those born in the most malaria-ridden regions of Africa-commanded significantly higher pric...
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作者：Lafortune, Julien; Schonholzer, David
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：We study school facility investments using administrative records from Los Angeles. Exploiting quasi-random variation in the timing of new facility openings and using a residential assignment instrument, we find positive impacts on test scores, attendance, and house prices. Effects are not driven by changes in class size, peers, teachers, or principals, but some evidence points toward increased facility quality. We evaluate program efficiency using implied future earnings and housing capitaliz...
