-
作者：Zarate, Roman Andres
作者单位：University of Toronto
摘要：This paper studies the impact of adolescent peers who are central in their social network on the formation of social skills and aca-demic performance of fellow students. I conduct a novel large-scale field experiment at selective public boarding schools in Peru with two treatments: (i) more socially central versus less socially central peers, and (ii) higher-achieving versus lower-achieving peers. Peer effects are more pronounced for social skills than academic perfor-mance, and both vary by g...
-
作者：Geruso, Michael; Layton, Timothy J.; Wallace, Jacob
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University; Yale University
摘要：Exploiting the random assignment of Medicaid beneficiaries to managed care plans, we find substantial plan-specific spending effects despite plans having identical cost sharing. Enrollment in the lowest-spending plan reduces spending by at least 25 percent -primarily through quantity reductions-relative to enrollment in the highest-spending plan. Rather than reducing wasteful spending, lower-spending plans broadly reduce medical service provision -including the provision of low-cost, high-valu...
-
作者：Lee, Logan M.
作者单位：Grinnell College
摘要：Every year, hundreds of thousands of people are released from prison. For many, the transition back to society includes a manda-tory stay in residential housing. I estimate the effect of residential housing on reincarceration using administrative data from Iowa. I address selection into residential housing by instrumenting for res-idential housing assignment with the recommendation rate of ran-domly assigned case managers. I find no evidence that Iowa's costly investment in residential housing...
-
作者：Collins, William J.; Zimran, Ariell
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Whether immigrants advance in labor markets during their life-times relative to natives is a fundamental question in the economics of immigration. We examine linked census records for five cohorts spanning 1850-1940, when immigration to the United States was at its peak. We find a U-shaped pattern of assimilation: immigrants were catching up to natives in the early and later cohorts, but not in between. This change was not due to shifts in immigrants' source countries. Instead, it was rooted i...
-
作者：Muller, Karsten; Schwarz, Carlo
作者单位：National University of Singapore; Bocconi University
摘要：We study whether social media can amplify antiminority sentiment with a focus on Donald Trump's political rise. Using an instrumental variable strategy based on Twitter's early adopters at the South by Southwest festival in 2007, we find that higher Twitter use in a county is associated with a sizeable increase in anti- Muslim hate crimes after the 2016 presidential primaries. Trump's tweets about Muslims predict increases in xenophobic tweets by his followers, cable news mentions of Muslims, ...
-
作者：Monarrez, Tomas E.
作者单位：Urban Institute
摘要：School segregation is determined both by residential sorting and local policies, such as the drawing of attendance boundaries and school siting. This paper develops an approach to understanding the relative importance of these factors by calculating the distance -min-imizing assignment of students to schools and assessing whether actual assignments differ systematically by race. Using census data and attendance boundary maps for nearly 1,600 school districts, I find that attendance boundaries ...
-
作者：Ouss, Aurelie; Stevenson, Megan
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; University of Virginia
摘要：Courts routinely use low cash bail as a financial incentive to ensure released defendants appear in court and abstain from crime. This can create burdens for defendants with little empirical evidence on its efficacy. We exploit a prosecutor-driven reform that led to a sharp reduction in low cash bail and pretrial supervision, with no effect on pretrial detention, to test whether such incentive mechanisms succeed at their intended purpose. We find no evidence that finan-cial collateral has a de...
-
作者：Carrera, Mariana; Villas-boas, Sofia
作者单位：National Bureau of Economic Research; Montana State University System; Montana State University Bozeman; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Through a labeling intervention at a national retailer, we test three hypotheses for consumer aversion to generic over-the-counter drugs: lack of information on the comparability of generic and brand drugs, inattention to their price differences, and uncertainty about generic quality that can be reduced with information on peer purchase rates. With a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that posted information on the purchases of other customers increases generic purchase shares signifi...
-
作者：Rozema, Kyle; Schanzenbach, Max
作者单位：Washington University (WUSTL); Northwestern University
摘要：Reformers are calling for greater oversight of police behavior, in part through enhanced use of civilian complaints. However, oth-ers counter that greater oversight could chill effective policing. We assess police officer response to administrative determinations of misconduct. Using Chicago data, we find strong evidence that a sus-tained allegation reduces that officer's future misconduct. We find no evidence that this effect is driven by incapacitation, such as assign-ment to desk duty, or b...
-
作者：Calkins, Avery; Binder, Ariel J.; Shaat, Dana; Timpe, Brenden
作者单位：RAND Corporation; American Institutes for Research; University of Nebraska System; University of Nebraska Lincoln
摘要：We leverage variation in the adoption of coeducation by US women's colleges to study how exposure to a mixed-gender collegiate environ-ment affects women's human capital investments. Our event-study analyses of newly collected historical data find a 3.0-3.5 percentage point (30-33 percent) decline in the share of women majoring in STEM fields. While coeducation caused a large influx of male peers and a modest increase in male faculty, we find no evidence that it altered the composition of the ...
