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作者：Cahyadi, Nur; Hanna, Rema; Olken, Benjamin A.; Prima, Rizal Adi; Satriawan, Elan; Syamsulhakim, Ekki
作者单位：Harvard University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
摘要：Conditional cash transfers provide income and promote human capital investments. Yet evaluating their longitudinal impacts is hard, as most experimental evaluations treat control locations after a few years. We examine such impacts in Indonesia after six years, where the program rollout left the experiment largely intact. We find static effects on many targeted indicators: childbirth using trained professionals increased dramatically, and under-15 children not in school fell by half. We observ...
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作者：Bastani, Spencer; Blomquist, Soren; Micheletto, Luca
作者单位：Linnaeus University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Uppsala University; University of Milan; Bocconi University; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：We study child care subsidies in a Mirrleesian optimal tax framework where parents choose both the quantity and quality of child care. Child care services not only enable parents to work, but also contribute to children's human capital. We examine the conditions under which child care expenditures should be encouraged or discouraged by the tax system under different assumptions regarding the available policy instruments. Using a quantitative model calibrated to the US economy, we illustrate th...
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作者：Jappelli, Tullio; Pistaferri, Luigi
作者单位：University of Naples Federico II; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Panel data on reported marginal propensity to consume in the 2010 and 2016 Italian Survey of Household Income and Wealth uncover a strong negative relationship between cash on hand and MPC. Even though the relationship is attenuated when using regression methods that control for unobserved heterogeneity, the amount of bias is moderate. MPC estimates are used to evaluate the effectiveness of revenue-neutral fiscal policies targeting different parts of the distribution of household resources.
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作者：Watzinger, Martin; Fackler, Thomas A.; Nagler, Markus; Schnitzer, Monika
作者单位：University of Munich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：Is compulsory licensing an effective antitrust remedy to increase innovation? To answer this question, we analyze the 1956 consent decree that settled an antitrust lawsuit against Bell, a vertically integrated monopolist charged with foreclosing the telecommunications equipment market. Bell was forced to license all its existing patents royalty-free, including those not related to telecommunications. We identify the effect of the consent decree on follow-on innovations building on Bell patents...
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作者：Guzman, Jorge; Stern, Scott
作者单位：Columbia University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Assessing the state of American entrepreneurship requires not simply counting the quantity but also the initial quality of new ventures. Combining comprehensive business registries and predictive analytics, we present estimates of entrepreneurial quantity and quality from 1988 to 2014. Rather than a secular pattern of declining business dynamism, our quality-adjusted measures follow a cyclical pattern sensitive to economic and capital market conditions. Consistent with the role of investment c...
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作者：Bradley, Sebastien; Feldman, Naomi E.
作者单位：Drexel University; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：We examine the impact of a January 2012 enforcement action by the US Department of Transportation that required US air carriers and online travel agents to modify their web interfaces to incorporate all ticket taxes in up-front, advertised fares. We show that the more prominent display of-tax-inclusive prices is associated with significant reductions in consumer tax incidence, demand, and ticket revenues along more-heavily taxed itineraries. In particular, the fraction of unit taxes that airli...
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作者：Holland, Stephen P.; Mansur, Erin T.; Muller, Nicholas Z.; Yates, Andrew J.
作者单位：University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Greensboro; National Bureau of Economic Research; Dartmouth College; Carnegie Mellon University; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Chapel Hill; University of North Carolina School of Medicine
摘要：Using integrated assessment models, we calculate the economic value of the extraordinary decline in emissions from US power plants. Annual local and global air pollution damages fell from $245 to $133 billion over 2010-2017. Decomposition shows changes in emission rates and generation shares among coal and gas plants account for more of this decline than changes in renewable generation, electricity consumption, and damage valuations. Econometrically estimated marginal damages declined in the E...
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作者：Green, Daniel; Melzer, Brian T.; Parker, Jonathan A.; Rojas, Arcenis
作者单位：Harvard University; Dartmouth College; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This paper evaluates the Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) by comparing the vehicle purchases and disposals of households with eligible clunkers to those of households with similar but ineligible vehicles. CARS caused roughly 500,000 purchases during the program period. The provision of liquidity, through a rebate usable as a down payment, was critical in generating this large response. Participation was rare among households that owned clunkers with outstanding loans, which required loan rep...
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作者：Conlon, Christopher T.; Rao, Nirupama L.
作者单位：New York University; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：This paper uses-UPC-level data to examine the relationship between excise taxes, retail prices, and consumer welfare in the distilled spirits market. We document a nominal rigidity in retail prices that arises because firms largely choose prices that end in 99 cents and change prices in whole-dollar increments. A correctly specified model, like an ordered logit, takes this discreteness into account when predicting the effects of alternative taxes. Explicitly accounting for price points substan...
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作者：Benzarti, Youssef
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses a uasi-experimental design to estimate the cost of filing taxes. Using US tax returns, I observe how taxpayers choose between itemizing deductions and claiming the standard deduction. Taxpayers forgo large tax savings to avoid compliance costs, which provides a revealed preference estimate of such costs. I show that costs increase with income, consistent with an opportunity cost of time explanation. These estimates suggest substantial costs of filing federal income taxes, signi...
