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作者：Bazzi, Samuel; Hanson, Gordon; John, Sarah; Roberts, Bryan; Whitley, John
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：During the 2008 to 2012 period, the US Border Patrol enacted new sanctions on migrants apprehended while attempting to enter the United States illegally. Using administrative records on apprehensions of Mexican nationals that include fingerprint-based IDs and other details, we detect if an apprehended migrant is subject to penalties and if he is later reapprehended. Exploiting plausibly random variation in the rollout of sanctions, we estimate econometrically that exposure to penalties reduced...
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作者：Jackson, C. Kirabo; Wigger, Cora; Xiong, Heyu
作者单位：Northwestern University; University System of Ohio; Case Western Reserve University
摘要：During the Great Recession, national public school per-pupil spending fell by roughly 7 percent and persisted beyond the recovery. The impact of such large and sustained education funding cuts is not well understood. To examine this, first, we document that the recessionary drop in spending coincided with the end of decades-long national growth in both test scores and college-going. Next, we show that this stalled educational progress was particularly pronounced in states that experienced larg...
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作者：Bhalotra, Sonia R.; Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto; Miller, Grant; Miranda, Alfonso; Venkataramani, Atheendar S.
作者单位：University of Warwick; Stanford University; Stanford University; Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE); University of Pennsylvania
摘要：Historically , improvements in municipal water quality led to substantial mortality decline in today's wealthy countries. However , water disinfection has not consistently produced large benefits in lower-income countries. We study this issue by analyzing a large-scale municipal water disinfection program in Mexico that increased water chlorination coverage in urban areas from 58 percent to over 90 percent within 18 months. We estimate that the program reduced childhood diarrheal disease morta...
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作者：Henkel, Marcel; Seidel, Tobias; Suedekum, Jens
作者单位：University of Bern; University of Duisburg Essen; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Heinrich Heine University Dusseldorf
摘要：Many countries shift substantial public resources across jurisdictions to mitigate spatial economic disparities. We use a general equilibrium model with multiple asymmetric regions, labor mobility, and costly trade to carve out the aggregate implications of fiscal transfers. Calibrating the model for Germany, we find that transfers indeed deliver smaller disparities across regions. This comes at the cost of lower national output, however, because economic activity is diverted away from core ci...
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作者：Hastings, Justine; Kessler, Ryan; Shapiro, Jesse M.
作者单位：Brown University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We use detailed data from a large retail panel to study the effect of participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on the composition and nutrient content of foods purchased for at-home consumption. We find that the effect of SNAP participation is small relative to the cross-sectional variation in most of the outcomes we consider. Estimates from a model relating the composition of a household's food purchases to the household's current level of food spending imply that...
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作者：Feigenberg, Benjamin; Miller, Conrad
作者单位：University of Illinois System; University of Illinois Chicago; University of Illinois Chicago Hospital; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：The US criminal justice system is exceptionally punitive. We test whether racial heterogeneity is one cause, exploiting cross-jurisdiction variation in punishment severity in four Southern states. We estimate the causal effect of jurisdiction on arrest outcomes using a fixed effects model that incorporates extensive charge and defendant controls. We validate our estimates using defendants charged in multiple jurisdictions. Consistent with a model of ingroup bias in electorate preferences, the ...
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作者：Johnston, Andrew C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced
摘要：To finance unemployment insurance, states raise payroll tax rates on employers who engage in layoffs. Tax rates are, therefore, highest for firms after downturns, potentially hampering labor-market recovery. Using full-population, administrative records from Florida, I estimate the effect of these tax increases on firm behavior leveraging a regression kink design in the tax schedule. Tax hikes reduce hiring and employment substantially, with no effect on layoffs or wages. The results imply una...
