-
作者：Colas, Mark; Hutchinson, Kevin
作者单位：University of Oregon; Uber Technologies, Inc.
摘要：We study the geographic incidence and efficiency of an income tax by estimating a spatial equilibrium model with heterogeneous workers. The US income tax shifts households out of high-productivity cities, leading to locational inefficiency of 0.25 percent of output. Removing spatial tax distortions increases inequality because more educated households are more mobile and own larger shares of land. Flattening the tax schedule, or introducing cost-of-living adjustments or local wage adjustments ...
-
作者：Kueng, Lorenz; Yakovlev, Evgeny
作者单位：Universita della Svizzera Italiana; New Economic School
摘要：We study the long-run effects of Russia's anti-alcohol campaign, which dramatically altered the relative supply of hard and light alcohol in the late 1980s. We find that this policy shifted young men's long-run preferences from hard to light alcohol decades later, and we estimate the age at which consumers form their tastes. We show that the large beer market expansion in the late 1990s had similar effects on young consumers' tastes, while older consumers' tastes remained largely unchanged. We...
-
作者：Kaplow, Louis
作者单位：Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This article analyzes concerns about market power and inequality in a model with multiple sectors, heterogeneous abilities, endogenous labor supply, and nonlinear income taxation. Proportional markups with no profit dissipation have no effect on the economy, and a policy that reduces a nonproportional markup raises (lowers) welfare when it is higher (lower) than a weighted average of other markups. With proportional (partial or full) profit dissipation, proportional markups are equivalent to a...
-
作者：Springel, Katalin
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal; Georgetown University
摘要：This paper uses new, large-scale vehicle registry data from Norway and a two-sided market framework to show nonneutrality of different subsidies and estimate their impact on electric vehicle adoption when network externalities are present. Estimates suggest a strong positive connection between electric vehicle purchases and both consumer price and charging station subsidies. Counterfactual analyses suggest that between 2010 and 2015, every dollar spent on station subsidies resulted in more tha...
-
作者：Lurie, Ithai Z.; Sacks, Daniel W.; Heim, Bradley
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington; IU Kelley School of Business; Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：We estimate the effect of the ACA's individual mandate on insurance coverage using regression discontinuity and regression kink designs with tax return data. We have four key results. First, the actual penalty paid per uninsured month is less than half the statutory amount. Second, nonetheless, we find visually clear and statistically significant responses to both extensive margin exposure to the mandate and to marginal increases in the mandate penalty. Third, we find substantial heterogeneity...
-
作者：Butikofer, Aline; Riise, Julie; Skira, Meghan M.
作者单位：Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); University of Bergen; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We examine the impact of the introduction of paid maternity leave in Norway in 1977 on maternal health in the medium and long term. Using administrative data combined with survey data on the health of women around age 40, we find the reform improved a range of maternal health outcomes, including BMI, blood pressure, pain, and mental health. The reform also increased health-promoting behaviors, such as exercise and not smoking. The effects were larger for first-time and low-resource mothers and...
-
作者：Aaronson, Daniel; Hartley, Daniel; Mazumder, Bhashkar
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Chicago
摘要：This study uses a boundary design and propensity score methods to study the effects of the 1930s-era Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) redlining maps on the long-run trajectories of urban neighborhoods. The maps led to reduced home ownership rates, house values, and rents and increased racial segregation in later decades. A comparison on either side of a city-level population cutoff that determined whether maps were drawn finds broadly similar conclusions. These results suggest the HOLC maps...
-
作者：Ballis, Briana; Heath, Katelyn
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Merced; Rice University
摘要：Over 13 percent of US students participate in special education (SE) programs annually, at a cost of $40 billion. However, due to selection issues the effect of SE placements remains unclear. This paper uses administrative data from Texas to examine the long-run effect of reducing SE access. Our research design exploits variation in SE placement driven by a unique state policy that required school districts to reduce SE caseloads to 8.5 percent. This policy led to sharp reductions in SE enroll...
-
作者：Gilraine, Michael; Petronijevic, Uros; Singleton, John D.
作者单位：New York University; York University - Canada; University of Rochester
摘要：While school choice may enhance competition, incentives for public schools to raise productivity may be muted if public education is imperfectly substitutable with alternatives. This paper estimates the aggregate effect of charter school expansion on education quality while accounting for the horizontal differentiation of charter programs. Our research design leverages variation following the removal of North Carolina's statewide cap to compare test score changes for students who lived near en...
-
作者：Gillingham, Kenneth T.; Houde, Sebastien; van Benthem, Arthur A.
作者单位：Yale University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Grenoble Ecole Management; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：A central question in the analysis of fuel economy policy is whether consumers are myopic with regards to future fuel costs. We provide the first evidence on the consumer valuation of fuel economy from a natural experiment that provides exogenous variation in fuel economy ratings. We examine the short-run equilibrium effects of a restatement of fuel economy ratings that affected 1.6 million vehicles. Using the implied changes in willingness to pay, we find that consumers act myopically: consum...
