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作者：Anh D M Nguyen; Onnis, Luisanna; Rossi, Raffaele
作者单位：Bank of Lithuania; Vilnius University; University of Huddersfield; University of Manchester
摘要：This paper estimates the effects of exogenous changes in income and consumption taxes. The tax shocks are proxied with a narrative account of tax liability changes in the United Kingdom. Income tax cuts have large effects on GDP, private consumption, and investment. The effects of consumption tax cuts are modest and not statistically significant on GDP and its components. Shifting the burden of taxation from income to consumption is expansionary. Consistent with conventional public finance the...
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作者：Hoy, Christopher; Mager, Franziska
作者单位：Australian National University
摘要：We test a key assumption underlying seminal theories about preferences for redistribution, which is that relatively poor people should be the most in favor of redistribution. We conduct a randomized survey experiment with over 30,000 participants across 10 countries, half of whom are informed of their position in the national income distribution. Contrary to prevailing wisdom, people who are told they are relatively poorer than they thought are less concerned about inequality and are not more ...
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作者：Budjan, Angelika J.; Fuchs, Andreas
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW)
摘要：Almost half of the world's states provide bilateral development assistance. While previous research takes the set of donor countries as exogenous, this article introduces a new dataset on aid giving that covers all countries in the world, both rich and poor, and explores the determinants of aid donorship. It argues and shows empirically that democratic institutions support the setup of an aid program in richer countries but undermine its establishment in poorer countries. The findings hold in ...
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作者：Cohodes, Sarah R.; Setren, Elizabeth M.; Walters, Christopher R.
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University Teachers College; National Bureau of Economic Research; Tufts University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：Can schools that boost student outcomes reproduce their success at new campuses? We study a policy reform that allowed effective charter schools in Boston, Massachusetts to replicate their school models at new locations. Estimates based on randomized admission lotteries show that replication charter schools generate large achievement gains on par with those produced by their parent campuses. The average effectiveness of Boston's charter middle school sector increased after the reform despite a...
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作者：Boone, Christopher; Dube, Arindrajit; Goodman, Lucas; Kaplan, Ethan
作者单位：University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Massachusetts System; University of Massachusetts Amherst; United States Department of the Treasury; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：This paper examines the impact of unemployment insurance (UI) on aggregate employment by exploiting cross-state variation in the maximum benefit duration during the Great Recession. Comparing adjacent counties located in neighboring states, there is no statistically significant impact of increasing UI generosity on aggregate employment. Point estimates are uniformly small in magnitude, and the most precise estimates rule out employment-to-population ratio reductions in excess of 0.35 percentag...
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作者：Laliberte, Jean-William
作者单位：University of Calgary
摘要：This paper estimates the long-term impact of growing up in better neighborhoods and attending better schools on educational attainment. First, I use a spatial regression-discontinuity design to estimate school effects. Second, I study students who move across neighborhoods in Montreal during childhood to estimate the causal effect of growing up in a better area (total exposure effects). I find large effects for both dimensions. Combining both research designs in a decomposition framework, and ...
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作者：Furman, Jeffrey L.; Nagler, Markus; Watzinger, Martin
作者单位：Boston University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Erlangen Nuremberg; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munster; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：How important is access to patent documents for subsequent inno-vation? We examine the expansion of the USPTO Patent Library sys-tem after 1975. Patent libraries provided access to patents before the Internet. We find that after patent library opening, local patenting increases by 8-20 percent relative to similar regions. Additional anal-yses suggest that disclosure of technical information drives this effect: inventors increasingly take up ideas from outside their region, and the effect is st...
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作者：Dreher, Axel; Fuchs, Andreas; Parks, Bradley; Strange, Austin; Tierney, Michael J.
作者单位：Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; University of Gottingen; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); William & Mary; University of Hong Kong; Harvard University
摘要：This article introduces a new dataset of official financing from China to 138 developing countries between 2000 and 2014. It investigates whether Chinese development finance affects economic growth in recipient countries. The results demonstrate that Chinese development finance boosts short-term economic growth. An additional project increases growth by between 0.41 and 1.49 percentage points 2 years after commitment, on average. While this study does not find that significant financial suppor...
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作者：Fuster, Andreas; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：Swiss National Bank (SNB); University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Measuring the sensitivity of housing demand to mortgage rates and available leverage is challenging because there is generally no exogenous variation in these variables. This paper circumvents this issue by designing a strategic survey in which respondents report their willingness to pay (WTP) for a home under different financing scenarios. Relaxation of down payment constraints or an exogenous increase in nonhousing wealth has large effects on WTP, especially for poorer and more credit-constr...
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作者：Benzarti, Youssef; Tazhitdinova, Alisa
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：This paper uses all value-added tax (VAT) changes across EU Member States from 1988 to 2016 to estimate the effect of VATs on trade flows. We find small elasticities of trade flows with respect to VATs, even when VAT changes are large. These elasticities are substantially smaller than the elasticities of trade flows with respect to tariffs estimated in the trade literature. This finding holds across different time periods, countries, and types of reforms. Our results imply that VATs are unlike...
