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作者：Garin, Andrew; Jackson, Emilie; Koustas, Dmitri
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; University of Chicago
摘要：We show that increases in the share of workers reporting self-employment to the IRS are not associated with changes infirm-reported payments to gig and other contract workers after 2005 but are driven primarily by self-reported earnings of individuals in the EITC phase-in range. We examine a regression discontinuity design that generates exogenous variation in tax rates at the end of the year after labor supply decisions are already sunk and find tax code incentives increase self-employment re...
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作者：Shrinivas, Aditya; Baylis, Kathy; Crost, Benjamin
作者单位：Indian Institute of Management (IIM System); Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Calgary
摘要：biggest expansions in food transfers in history, affecting over 500 million people. We use plausibly exogenous variation created by the NFSA to estimate the effect of food transfers on child nutrition. Using individual panel data across eight states in India over five years, we find that increased transfers significantly reduced stunting. The food transfers increased wage incomes and improved dietary diversity. Our results suggest that, in the states we study, the NFSA prevented approximately ...
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作者：Timm, Lisa Marie; Giuliodori, Massimo; Muller, Paul
作者单位：University of Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：We examine how income taxes affect international mobility and wages. We study a Dutch preferential tax scheme for migrants, which introduced an income threshold for eligibility in 2012. The threshold is low relative to similar schemes in other countries, thereby offering eligibility to migrants with mid-level earnings. We find migration more than doubles closely above the income threshold, while migration below the threshold remains unchanged. These effects appear to be driven by additional mi...
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作者：Cohen, Jonathan; Johnston, Andrew C.; Lindner, Attila
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); University of California System; University of California Merced; University of London; University College London
摘要：We examine the depreciation of skills among unemployed German workers using a panel of skill measures linked to administrative data. Both the reemployment hazard and reemployment earnings steadily decline with unemployment duration. Indicators of depression and loneliness also rise substantially. However, we find no decline in a wide range of cognitive and noncognitive skills while workers remain unemployed. We find the same pattern in a panel of American workers. The results imply that skill ...
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作者：Beath, Andrew; Christia, Fotini; Enikolopov, Ruben
作者单位：The World Bank; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Pompeu Fabra University; Barcelona School of Economics; ICREA
摘要：We exploit a randomized controlled trial conducted between 2007 and 2011 to identify the effect of Afghanistan's largest local governance and development program on the strength of the insurgency. We find that the program reduced violence, improved economic outcomes, and increased government support in interior regions of the country, but increased violence in villages close to the Pakistani border, where foreign insurgents were more numerous. The results suggest that development programs can ...
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作者：Jensen, Mathias Fjaellegaard; Manning, Alan
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：In Europe, the children of migrants often have worse economic outcomes than those with local-born parents. This paper shows that children born in Denmark with immigrant parents (first-generation locals) have lower earnings, higher unemployment, less education, more welfare transfers, and more criminal convictions than children with local-born parents. However, when we condition on parental socioeconomic characteristics, first-generation locals generally perform as well or slightly better than ...
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作者：Harju, Jarkko; Jager, Simon; Schoefer, Benjamin
作者单位：Tampere University; Princeton University; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We estimate the effects of worker voice on productivity, job quality, and separations. We study the 1991 introduction of a right to worker representation on boards or advisory councils in Finnish firms with at least 150 employees, designed to facilitate workforce-management communication. Consistent with information-sharing theories, our difference-in-differences design reveals that worker voice raised labor productivity. In contrast to exit-voice theory, we find no effects on voluntary job se...
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作者：Jaevervall, Sebastian; Khoban, Roza
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); University of Zurich
摘要：Political distortions are prevalent in many developing countries, implying substantial productivity losses. This paper investigates the impact of trade liberalization on political distortions in India. First, using variation in political turnover, we identify that politicians distort resources in favor of politically connected firms. Second, we show that reduced tariffs on input goods significantly decrease the distortionary effect of political connections, as trade reduces firms' dependence o...
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作者：Berry, James; Dizon-Ross, Rebecca; Jagnani, Maulik
作者单位：University System of Georgia; University of Georgia; University of Chicago; Tufts University; Tufts University
摘要：We conduct two experiments to identify the value parents place on equality of opportunity when investing in children. The experiments exogenously vary short-run returns to educational investments to identify the weight placed on equalizing opportunity (child-level investment) relative to maximizing returns (total household earnings) or to equalizing outcomes (child-level expected earnings). While parents in both experiments place some weight on maximizing returns, they also display a strong pr...
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作者：Garin, Andrew; Jackson, Emilie; Koustas, Dmitri
作者单位：Carnegie Mellon University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Michigan State University; University of Chicago
摘要：We show that increases in the share of workers reporting self-employment to the IRS are not associated with changes infirm-reported payments to gig and other contract workers after 2005 but are driven primarily by self-reported earnings of individuals in the EITC phase-in range. We examine a regression discontinuity design that generates exogenous variation in tax rates at the end of the year after labor supply decisions are already sunk and find tax code incentives increase self-employment re...
