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作者：Lakdawala, Leah K.; Nakasone, Eduardo; Kho, Kevin
作者单位：Wake Forest University; Michigan State University; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
摘要：We investigate the impacts of school-based internet access on second graders' test scores, using over 2 million student observations from a panel of Peruvian public primary schools. We identify effects up to 6+ years after installation on different cohorts of second-grade students, exploiting variation in the timing of internet access induced by the rollout of a national program. We find positive but modest short-run impacts, but importantly, these effects grow for subsequent cohorts. Indeed, ...
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作者：Arora, Ashna
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Can sanctions deter juvenile crime? Research indicates that they may not, as offending barely decreases when individuals cross the age of criminal majority and begin to face harsher sanctions. Several models of criminal behavior predict, however, that these small reac-tions close to the threshold may mask larger behavioral responses among individuals below the age threshold. Policy variation between 2007-2015 in the United States is used to show evidence consistent with these predictions-juven...
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作者：Ahlquist, John S.; Downey, Mitch
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Stockholm University
摘要：We study direct and indirect effects of Chinese import competition on union membership in the United States, 1990-2014. Import com-petition in manufacturing induced a modest decline in unionization within manufacturing industries. The magnitude is small because unionized manufacturers competed in higher-quality product seg-ments. Manufacturers in right-to-work states experienced more direct competition with low-quality Chinese imports. Outside of manufac-turing, however, import competition cau...
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作者：Englander, Gabriel
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper establishes that a targeted policy backfires because it reveals information about nontargeted units. In the world's largest fishery, the regulator attempts to reduce the harvesting of juvenile fish by temporarily closing areas where the share of juvenile catch is high. By combining administrative microdata with biologically richer data from fishing firms, I isolate variation in closures that is due to the regulator's lower-resolution data. I estimate substantial temporal and spatial...
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作者：Mueller, Karsten
作者单位：National University of Singapore
摘要：Do politics matter for macroprudential policies? I show that changes in macroprudential regulation exhibit a predictable electoral cycle in the run-up to 221 elections across 58 countries from 2000 through 2014. Policies restricting mortgages and consumer credit are system-atically looser before elections, particularly during economic expan-sions. Consistent with theories of opportunistic political cycles, this pattern is stronger when election outcomes are uncertain, regulators are closely ti...
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作者：Dahl, Gordon B.; Knepper, Matthew
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Norwegian School of Economics (NHH); National Bureau of Economic Research; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; IZA Institute Labor Economics; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We test whether age discrimination rises during recessions using two complementary analyses. Confidential EEOC microdata reveal that age-related firing and hiring charges rise by 3.3 percent and 1.6 percent, respectively, for each percentage point increase in a state-industry's monthly unemployment. Though the opportunity cost of filing falls, the fraction of meritorious claims increases-a suf-ficient condition for rising discrimination under plausible assump-tions. Second, we repurpose data f...
