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作者：Carrillo, Bladimir; Charris, Carlos; Iglesias, Wilman
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Universidade Catolica de Brasilia
摘要：During the South African apartheid, Black people were forced to move to homelands during the 1960s and 1970s, resulting in one of history's largest segregation policy experiments. We examine how and why relocation to the homelands affected human capital attain-ment. Exploiting the staggered timing of homeland establishment in a cross-cohort identification strategy, we find that moving to the home-lands during childhood significantly reduces educational attainment, labor earnings, and employmen...
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作者：Bi, Huixin; Zubairy, Sarah
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We construct a database of public pension policy changes with motiStructural pension reforms, motivated by long-run sustainability concerns, often come with prolonged phase-in periods. In response retirement stay in the workforce longer. News about future pension retrenchments with implementation lags, however, is likely to lead this group to exit the labor market. This decline in the labor force participation rate is particularly strong for reforms with long lags, ones that introduce fundamen...
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作者：Gutierrez, Emilio; Jaume, David; Tobal, Martin
作者单位：Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper studies the effect of bank credit supply shocks on for-mal employment in Mexico using a proprietary dataset containing information on all loans extended to firms by commercial banks during 2010-2015. We find large impacts on the formal employment of small and medium firms: a positive credit shock of 1 standard deviation increases yearly employment by 1.4 percentage points. The shares of uncollateralized credit and credit received by family firms, younger firms, and firms with no pre...
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作者：Frakes, Michael D.; Gruber, Jonathan; Justicz, Timothy
作者单位：Duke University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：Recent debates over health care reform, including in the context of the Military Health System (MHS) and Veterans Administration, highlight the dispute between public and private provision of health care services. Using novel data on childbirth claims from the MHS and drawing on the combination of plausibly exogenous patient moves and heterogeneity across bases in the availability of base hos-pitals, we identify the impact of receiving obstetrical care on versus off military bases. We find evi...
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作者：Carrell, Scott E.; Kurlaender, Michal
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin
摘要：We provide experimental evidence on the impact of specific fac-ulty behaviors aimed at increasing student success for college stu-dents from historically underrepresented groups. The intervention was developed after conducting in-person focus groups and a pilot experiment. We find significant positive treatment effects across a multitude of short-and longer-run outcomes. Specifically, underrep-resented students in the treatment report more positive perceptions of the professor and earned highe...
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作者：Fabra, Natalia; Imelda
作者单位：Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Given the critical role of renewable energies in current and future electricity markets, it is important to understand how they affect firms' pricing incentives. We study whether the price-depressing effect of renewables depends on their degree of market price exposure. Paying renewables with fixed prices, rather than market-based prices, is more effective at curbing market power when the dominant firms own large shares of renewables, and vice versa. Our empirical analysis leverages several sh...
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作者：Ahmad, Saad; Limao, Nuno; Oliver, Sarah; Shikher, Serge
作者单位：Georgetown University
摘要：We estimate the impact of increased policy uncertainty from Brexit on UK trade in services. We apply an uncertainty-augmented gravity equation to UK services trade with the European Union at the industry level from 2016:I to 2018:IV. By exploiting the variation in the probability of Brexit from prediction markets interacted with a new trade policy risk measure across service industries, we identify a significant negative impact of the threat of Brexit on trade values and participation. The inc...
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作者：Figlio, David N.; Hart, Cassandra M. D.; Karbownik, Krzysztof
作者单位：University of Rochester; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Davis; Emory University
摘要：Using a rich dataset that merges student-level school records with birth records, and leveraging a student fixed effects design, we explore how a Florida private school choice program affected public school students' outcomes as the program matured and scaled up. We observe growing benefits (higher standardized test scores and lower absenteeism and suspension rates) to students attending pub-lic schools with more preprogram private school options as the pro-gram matured. Effects are particular...
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作者：Nagaraj, Abhishek; Reimers, Imke
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; Cornell University
摘要：The free digital distribution of creative works could cannibalize demand for physical versions, but it could also boost physical sales by enabling consumers to discover the original work. We study the impact of the Google Books digitization project on the market for physical books. We find that digitization significantly boosts the demand for physical versions and provide evidence for the discov-ery channel. Moreover, digitization allows independent publish-ers to introduce new editions for ex...
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作者：Dechezlepretre, Antoine; Einio, Elias; Martin, Ralf; Nguyen, Kieu-Trang; Van Reenen, John
作者单位：Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development (OECD); University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; VATT Institute for Economic Research; Imperial College London; Northwestern University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：We present causal evidence of R&D tax incentives' positive impacts on a firm's own innovation and that of its technological neighbors. Exploiting a change in size-based eligibility thresholds for R&D tax relief, we implement a Regression Discontinuity Design using administrative data. We find significant effects of tax relief on (quality-adjusted) patenting (and R&D) that persist up to seven years, and evidence of R&D spillovers on the innovation of technologically close firms. We can rule out...
