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作者：Holz, Justin E.; Rivera, Roman G.; Ba, Bocar A.
作者单位：University of Chicago; Columbia University; Duke University
摘要：We study the link between police officers' on-duty injuries and their peers' force use using a network of officers who attended the police academy together through a random lottery. On-duty inju-ries increase the probability of officers using force by 7 percent in the subsequent week. Officers are also more likely to injure sus-pects and receive complaints about neglecting victims and violat-ing constitutional rights. The effect is concentrated in a narrow time window following the event and i...
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作者：Feng, Josh; Hwang, Thomas; Maini, Luca
作者单位：Utah System of Higher Education; University of Utah; Harvard University; Harvard University Medical Affiliates; Brigham & Women's Hospital; Harvard University
摘要：Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that an increase to Medicaid's minimum drug rebate under the Affordable Care Act in 2010 lowered non-Medicaid drug spending by 2.5 percent. A stylized bargaining model shows that this is likely driven by the interaction of this reform with Medicaid's most-favored customer clause (MFCC). By examining the response of drugs that faced a change in incentives equivalent to the removal of Medicaid's MFCC, we estimate that removing the Medicaid MFCC ...
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作者：Torslov, Thomas; Wier, Ludvig; Zucman, Gabriel
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley; University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：We show that the fiscal authorities of high-tax countries can lack the incentives to combat profit shifting to tax havens. Instead, they have incentives to focus their enforcement efforts on relocating profits booked by multinationals in other high-tax countries, crowding out the enforcement on transactions that shift profits to tax havens, and reducing the global tax payments of multinational companies. The predictions of our model are motivated and supported by the analysis of two new datase...
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作者：Li, Cher Hsuehhsiang; Zafar, Basit
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Using administrative data from a large public university, we show that male students are 18.6 percent more likely than female students to receive favorable grade changes made by instructors. Surveys of students and instructors reveal that regrade requests are prevalent and that male students are more likely to ask for regrades on the intensive margin. We corroborate the gender differences in regrade requests in an incentivized controlled experiment: we find that males have a higher willingness...
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作者：Fischer, Brett
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Berkeley
摘要：This paper provides causal evidence that greater minority repre-sentation on school boards translates into greater investment in minority students. Focusing on California school boards, I instru-ment for minority (specifically, Hispanic) representation using ran-dom ballot ordering and leverage new data from a statewide capital investment program to capture intradistrict resource allocations. I show that Hispanic board members invest the marginal dollar in high-Hispanic schools within their di...
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作者：Gulyas, Andreas; Seitz, Sebastian; Sinha, Sourav
作者单位：University of Mannheim; University of Manchester; Leibniz Association; Zentrum fur Europaische Wirtschaftsforschung (ZEW); Yale University
摘要：We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on the gender pay gap. Using an event-study design, we show that the policy had no discernible effects on male and female wages, thus leaving the gender wage gap unchanged. The effects are precisely estimated, and we rule out that the policy narrowed the gender wage gap by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, we do not find evidence for wage compression within establishments. We di...
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作者：Andrews, Michael J.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland Baltimore County
摘要：I use narrative historical data on site selection decisions for a sub-set of US colleges to identify runner-up locations that were strongly considered to become the sites of new colleges. Using runner-up counties as counterfactuals in a difference-in-difference model, I find that establishing a college causes 62 percent more patents per year. Linking patents to novel college yearbook data reveals that only 12 percent of patents in a college's county came from that col-lege's alumni or faculty....
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作者：Lang, Valentin; Mihalyi, David; Presbitero, Andrea F.
作者单位：University of Mannheim; Leibniz Association; Institut fur Weltwirtschaft an der Universitat Kiel (IFW); International Monetary Fund; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：Can debt moratoria help countries weather negative shocks? We exploit the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) to study the bond market effects of deferring official debt repayments. Using daily data on sovereign bond spreads and synthetic control meth-ods, we show that countries eligible for official debt relief experience a larger decline in borrowing costs compared to similar, ineli-gible countries. This decline is stronger for countries that receive a larger relief, suggesting that th...
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作者：Zaklan, Aleksandar
作者单位：Leibniz Association; DIW Berlin - Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung
摘要：I examine the Coasean independence property in a large multinational cap-and-trade scheme for greenhouse gas emissions, the EU Emissions Trading System. I analyze whether emissions of power producers are independent from allowance allocations by leveraging a change in allocation policy for a difference-in-difference strategy. The evidence suggests that the independence property holds overall and for larger emitters and that firms respond to the loss in allocation by increasing allowance purcha...
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作者：Liu, Maggie; Shamdasani, Yogita; Taraz, Vis
作者单位：United States Department of the Treasury; National University of Singapore; Smith College
摘要：How do rising temperatures affect -long-term labor reallocation in developing economies? In this paper we examine how increases in temperature impact structural transformation and urbanization within Indian districts between 1951 and 2011. We find that rising temperatures are associated with lower shares of workers in -nonagricultural sectors, with effects intensifying over a longer time frame. Supporting evidence suggests that local demand effects play an important role: declining agricultura...
