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作者：Dias, Mateus; Fontes, Luiz Felipe
作者单位：Universidade Catolica Portuguesa; Insper
摘要：This paper studies the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform, , which reorganized the public mental health care provision by introducing mental health centers ( CAPS ) as a community-based substitute for inpatient care. Our research design exploits the rollout of CAPS in a difference-in-differences framework. We show that these centers increased outpatient mental health care production and reduced psychiatric hospitalizations. These reductions were more pronounced for long-stay admissions and among pat...
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作者：Ng, Kevin; Riehl, Evan
作者单位：Cornell University
摘要：The returns to selective STEM programs depend on whether students complete these programs , earnings conditional on completion , and counterfactual schooling choices. Much research has focused on only one of these margins, potentially leading to an incomplete picture of the returns to STEM education for students with less academic preparation. Using data from a Colombian university and two empirical strategies , we find less -prepared students have higher earnings returns to selective STEM pro...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; MacLeod, Bentley
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Princeton University
摘要：This paper provides evidence on how mandatory retirement influences judge performance using reforms in US state supreme courts as a natural experiment. We find that introducing mandatory retirement improves court performance as measured by output (number of opinions) and legal influence (number of citations to opinions). While older judges are cited less than younger judges, the effect of mandatory retirement is larger than what is expected from a change in the age distribution. We find some e...
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作者：Bacher-Hicks, Andrew; Billings, Stephen B.; Deming, David J.
作者单位：Boston University; University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder; Harvard University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Schools must balance student behavior management with the potential negatives of strict discipline. These policies can deter misbehavior but may stigmatize students and expose them to the criminal justice system early. We assess the impact of attending a strict discipline school on achievement, educational attainment, and adult criminal activity. Using data from a boundary change and principal switches, we find that higher suspension rates have significant negative long-term effects. Students ...
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作者：Beach, Brian; Jones, Daniel b.; Twinam, Tate; Walsh, Randall
作者单位：Vanderbilt University; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：Does the presence of underrepresented racial / ethnic groups in a legislative body differentially impact outcomes for members of those groups? We study close elections between White and non -White candidates for California city council and the corresponding impact on housing values , a summary statistic for neighborhood investment. We find electing non -White rather than White candidates generates differential home value gains in majority non -White neighborhoods. This result , which is not ex...
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作者：Imelda; Fripp, Matthias; Roberts, Michael J.
作者单位：Environmental Defense Fund; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii System
摘要：Solar and wind power are now cheaper than fossil fuels but are intermittent. The extra supply-side variability implies growing benefits of using real-time retail pricing (RTP). We evaluate the potential gains of RTP using a model that jointly solves investment, supply, storage, and demand to obtain a chronologically detailed dynamic equilibrium for the island of Oahu, Hawai'i. We find that, holding demand assumptions fixed, RTP reduces costs in high-renewable systems by roughly 6 to 12 times a...
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作者：Yang, Lin; Lin, Yatang; Wang, Jin; Peng, Fangyuan
作者单位：Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; Hong Kong University of Science & Technology; University of Hong Kong
摘要：Weak enforcement of environmental regulations remains a global issue due to inadequate monitoring and misaligned incentives. This paper examines the effects of automated monitoring on achieving air pollution control targets amidst China's war on pollution. Utilizing the staggered rollout process and remote-sensing data, we find local governments respond to the advanced monitoring system by strategically targeting areas near monitors, resulting in a 3.2 percent decrease in pollution adjacent to...
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作者：Hong, Long; Mommaerts, Corina
作者单位：University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Health insurance plans increasingly pay for expenses only beyond a large annual deductible. This paper explores the implications of deductibles that reset over shorter timespans. We develop a model of insurance demand between two actuarially equivalent deductible policies in which one deductible is larger and resets annually and the other deductible is smaller and resets biannually. Our model incorporates borrowing constraints , moral hazard , midyear contract switching , and delayable care. C...
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作者：Heller, Sara B.; Kessler, Judd B.
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Pennsylvania
摘要：This paper provides evidence that information frictions limit the labor market trajectories of US youth. We provide credible skill signals-recommendation letters based on supervisor feedback-to a random subset of 43,409 participants in New York's summer jobs program. Letters increase employment the following year by 3 percentage points (4.5 percent). Earnings effects grow over four years to a cumulative $1,349 (4.9 percent). We find little evidence of increased job search or confidence; instea...
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作者：Link, Sebastian; Menkhoff, Manuel; Peichl, Andreas; Schuele, Paul
作者单位：Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; IZA Institute Labor Economics
摘要：This paper estimates the causal effect of corporate tax hikes on firm investment based on more than 1,400 local tax changes. By observing planned and realized investment volumes in a representative sample of German manufacturing firms, we can study how tax hikes induce firms to revise their investment decisions. On average, the share of firms that invest less than previously planned increases by 3 percentage points after a tax hike. This effect is twice as large during recessions.
