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作者：Stevenson, Megan T.; Doleac, Jennifer L.
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：We evaluate the impacts of adopting algorithmic risk assessments in sentencing. We find that judges changed sentencing practices in response to the risk assessment, but that discretion played a large role in mediating its impact. Judges deviated from the recommendations associated with the algorithm in systematic ways, suggestive of alternative objectives. As a result, risk assessment did not lead to detectable gains in terms of public safety or reduced incarceration rates. Using simulations, ...
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作者：Garg, Teevrat; Jagnani, Maulik; Pullabhotla, Hemant k.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California San Diego; Tufts University; Tufts University; Deakin University
摘要：Even as policymakers seek to encourage economic development by addressing misallocation due to frictions in labor markets, the associated production externalities-such as air pollution-remain unexplored. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show access to rural roads increases agricultural fires and particulate emissions. Farm labor exits are a likely mechanism: rural roads cause movement of workers out of agriculture and induce farmers to use fire-a labor-saving but polluting technolog...
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作者：Bjerre-Nielsen, Andreas; Gandil, Mikkel Host
作者单位：University of Copenhagen
摘要：What is the efficacy of redrawing school attendance boundaries as a desegregation policy? To provide causal evidence on this question, we employ novel data with unprecedented detail on the universe of Danish children and exploit changes in attendance boundaries over time. Households defy reassignments to schools with lower socioeconomic status. There is a strong social gradient in defiance, as resourceful households are more sensitive to the student composition of new schools. We simulate scho...
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作者：Philippe, Arnaud
作者单位：University of Bristol
摘要：This paper investigates how criminals learn about criminal laws. It uses a natural experiment in which sentences were drastically increased for a specific type of recidivism in France. In the short run, advertising the reform did not trigger any change in criminal behavior. However, people who had firsthand experience of the reform learned about it and later committed significantly fewer targeted crimes, but the same number of nontargeted crimes. Learning appears to be limited to individuals w...
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作者：Rabate, Simon; Jongen, Egbert; Atav, Tilbe
作者单位：Leiden University; Leiden University - Excl LUMC; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Erasmus University Rotterdam - Excl Erasmus MC; Erasmus University Rotterdam
摘要：We study the effects of increasing the statutory retirement age (SRA) in the Netherlands, using regression discontinuity design and administrative data on the universe of the population. We find clear and large employment effects of the reform. A simple model in which individuals stay longer in their pre-SRA labor market state predicts the treatment effects well. The employment level before the SRA and the retirement hazard at the SRA are the key determinants of the effects of the policy chang...
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作者：Ahrsjo, Ulrika; Niknami, Susan; Palme, Marten
作者单位：Stockholm School of Economics; Stockholm University
摘要：We explore the role of identity along multiple dimensions in high-stakes decision-making. Our data contain information about demographic and socioeconomic indicators for defendants and randomly assigned jurors in a Swedish court. Our results show that defendants are 4 to 6 percent less likely to get a prison sentence if judged by one more juror belonging to the same identity-forming group. Moreover, they are given 10 percent shorter prison sentences. Socioeconomic background and demographic at...
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作者：Amior, Michael
作者单位：Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：Better educated workers accept many more long-distance job offers, and relocate quicker following local shocks. I attribute this to a fundamental feature of their labor market experience, unrelated to geography: large returns to job match quality. If a good offer happens to originate from far away, the match surplus is then more likely to justify the cost of moving. This lubricates labor markets spatially. Using wage transition data (and a jobs ladder model), I show this can explain the bulk o...
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作者：Giannella, Eric; Homonoff, Tatiana; Rino, Gwen; Somerville, Jason
作者单位：New York University; National Bureau of Economic Research; Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - New York
摘要：Many government program applications result in procedural denials due to administrative burdens associated with applying. We identify the intake interview as a key barrier to take-up of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and study the effect of an alternative application process designed to reduce burdens. Using a field experiment involving 65,000 Los Angeles applicants, we find that access to flexible interviews initiated by the applicant increases approvals by 6 percentage points,...
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作者：Cohen, Francois; Gonzalez, Fidel
作者单位：University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona; University of Oxford; University of Oxford; Texas State University System; Sam Houston State University
摘要：The correlation between hot weather and crime is well documented but not fully understood. We combine millions of administrative records , victimization surveys on unreported crime, and daily weather information to analyze the effect of temperatures on crime in Mexico. We find that sample selection cannot explain the observed positive correlation between temperature and crime. Moreover , we find that shifts in alcohol consumption and time use on weekends are responsible for 28 percent of tempe...
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作者：Borraz, Fernando; Carozzi, Felipe; Gonzalez-Pampillon, Nicolas; Zipitria, Leandro
作者单位：Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay; Universidad de Montevideo; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Universidad de la Republica, Uruguay
摘要：We study how local grocery markets within a city are affected by changes in housing markets. Our empirical strategy exploits a shift in the spatial distribution of construction activity induced by a large-scale, place -based tax exemption in the city of Montevideo. The introduction of new housing stock induced by the policy causes a reduction in grocery prices of 2.3 percent and an increase in locally available product varieties. Using insights from a multiproduct model of imperfect competitio...
