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作者：Getik, Demid; Meier, Armando N.
作者单位：Durham University; Lund University; University of Basel
摘要：We study the impact of the early gender environment on inequality in the labor market. To this end, we link primary school data to occupations and earnings. We find that women exposed to more girls at critical ages earn more later on: A 10 percent increase in the share of girls leads to a gender wage gap reduction of 2.7 percent. We explore mechanisms and find a strong selection of women into less gender-stereotypical educational tracks and occupations, leading to higher earnings. The gender e...
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作者：Jones, Daniel B.; Schmick, Ethan
作者单位：Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh
摘要：The Reconstruction era of American history (c. 1866-1877) saw widespread efforts to educate recently freed people-efforts that were partially curtailed after Reconstruction. This paper examines the impact of childhood exposure to educational opportunity during Reconstruction on later-life outcomes for recently freed people. Using data on the number of teachers in Black schools and a linked census sample, we find that Black children exposed to greater educational opportunity during Reconstructi...
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作者：Mehmood, Sultan; Naseer, Shaheen; Chen, Daniel L.
作者单位：New Economic School; University of Oxford; Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics
摘要：We provide experimental evidence of teacher-to-student transmission of gender attitudes in Pakistan. We randomly show teachers a pro-women's rights visual narrative. Treated teachers increase their and students' support for women's rights, unbiasedness in gender implicit association tests (IATs), and willingness to petition parliament for greater gender equality. Students improve coordination and cooperation with the opposite gender. Effects are larger when teachers teach a gender-rights curri...
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作者：Bailey, Megan R.; Brown, David P.; Shaffer, Blake; Wolak, Frank A.
作者单位：University of Calgary; University of Calgary; University of Alberta; University of Calgary; Stanford University; Stanford University
摘要：We use a field experiment to measure the effectiveness of financial incentives to shift the timing of electric vehicle (EV) charging. EV owners respond strongly to financial incentives, reducing charging during peak hours by 49 percent by shifting to off-peak hours. In contrast, a prosocial information treatment has no discernible effect. When financial incentives are removed, charge timing reverts to pre-intervention behavior, reinforcing that money matters. Our findings highlight the substan...
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作者：Bukovina, Jaroslav; Lichard, Tomas; Palguta, Jan; Zudel, Branislav
作者单位：Prague University of Economics & Business; Masaryk University; Masaryk University
摘要：We examine business responses to a minimum tax (MT) that prescribed fixed floors on corporate tax liability while permitting MT credit carryforwards. Using 2010-2020 tax-return data on all Slovak corporations, we find that many companies immediately relocated from reporting zero taxable income toward bunching at the new floors. We infer the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) to be between 0.33 and 2.28 across value-added tax (VAT) and turnover categories, and quantify the marginal efficiency b...
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作者：Ito, Koichiro; Zhang, Shuang
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Imperial College London
摘要：A central assumption in economics is that consumers properly distinguish fixed cost from variable cost. This assumption is fundamental to various economic theories, including optimal taxation, redistribution, and price discrimination. Using a quasi-experiment in heating price reform in China, we find empirical evidence that is inconsistent with this conventional assumption and more consistent with the schmeduling model in Liebman and Zeckhauser (2004). As we demonstrate its policy implications...
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作者：Brough, Rebecca; Freedman, Matthew; Phillips, David C.
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; University of California System; University of California Irvine; University of Notre Dame
摘要：We conduct a randomized controlled trial to study the employment effects of providing free public transportation to individuals with low incomes. A temporary subsidy that reduces the price of transit to zero has no significant effects on individuals' paid hours worked or earnings. Using rich administrative data, we also explore a range of other outcomes. We find suggestive evidence that transit subsidies improve measures of financial and physical health. (JEL G51, J22, J31, L92, L98, R48)
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作者：Kaplan, Ethan; Spenkuch, Jorg L.; Yuan, Haishan
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland
摘要：We exploit the quasi-random timing of natural disasters to study the connection between public attention to politics and legislators' support for special interests. We show that when a disaster strikes, the news media reduce coverage of politics in general and of individual legislators in particular, and members of the House of Representatives become significantly more likely to adopt special interest donors' positions. The evidence implies that politicians are more inclined to take actions be...
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作者：Auer, Daniel; Kunz, Johannes S.
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; University of Mannheim; Monash University
摘要：This paper investigates the intergenerational effect of communication barriers on child health at birth. We study refugees in Switzerland who come from French-or Italian-speaking countries and who, upon arrival, are randomly allocated to different cantons in which either German, French, or Italian is the dominant language. Children born to mothers who were exogenously allocated to a region whose dominant language matches their origin language are, on average, 72 grams (or 2.2 percent) heavier....
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作者：Nigai, Sergey
作者单位：University of Colorado System; University of Colorado Boulder
摘要：I examine the international transmission of income inequality through trade. Using firm-level and aggregate data, I find that exporting to more unequal countries increases domestic inequality. I rationalize this finding by developing a model of international consumer targeting in which firms serve specific consumer segments in each market. Inequality in export markets shapes the distribution of firms' profits and, therefore, the incomes of individuals linked to them, widening domestic inequali...
