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作者：Hansen-lewis, Jamie; Marcus, Michelle
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Davis; Vanderbilt University; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Maritime shipping emits as much fine particulate matter as half of global road traffic. We are the first to measure the consequences of US maritime emissions standards on air quality, human health, racial exposure disparities, and behavior. The introduction of US maritime emissions control areas significantly decreased fine particulate matter, low birth weight, and infant mortality. Yet, only about half of the forecasted fine particulate matter abatement was achieved by the policy. We show evi...
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作者：Kaplan, Ethan; Spenkuch, Jorg L.; Yuan, Haishan
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Queensland
摘要：We exploit the quasi-random timing of natural disasters to study the connection between public attention to politics and legislators' support for special interests. We show that when a disaster strikes, the news media reduce coverage of politics in general and of individual legislators in particular, and members of the House of Representatives become significantly more likely to adopt special interest donors' positions. The evidence implies that politicians are more inclined to take actions be...
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作者：Bukovina, Jaroslav; Lichard, Tomas; Palguta, Jan; Zudel, Branislav
作者单位：Prague University of Economics & Business; Masaryk University; Masaryk University
摘要：We examine business responses to a minimum tax (MT) that prescribed fixed floors on corporate tax liability while permitting MT credit carryforwards. Using 2010-2020 tax-return data on all Slovak corporations, we find that many companies immediately relocated from reporting zero taxable income toward bunching at the new floors. We infer the elasticity of taxable income (ETI) to be between 0.33 and 2.28 across value-added tax (VAT) and turnover categories, and quantify the marginal efficiency b...
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作者：Moscona, Jacob
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
摘要：This study investigates the relationship between the management of development aid and violent conflict in Africa. I exploit variation in World Bank project management quality driven by the assignment of project leaders of varying ability, combined with geo-coded data on all projects linked to performance report cards. I find that better project management reduces violent conflict across subnational aid receiving regions. Poorly managed projects increase conflict while well-managed projects do...
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作者：Briole, Simon; Gurgand, Marc; Maurin, Eric; McNally, Sandra; Ruiz-Valenzuela, Jenifer; Santin, Daniel
作者单位：Universite de Montpellier; Paris School of Economics; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Surrey; University of Barcelona; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Complutense University of Madrid
摘要：This paper shows that schools can foster the transmission of civic virtues by helping students to develop concrete, democratically chosen, collective projects. We draw on an RCT implemented in 200 middle schools in three countries. The program leads students to conduct citizenship projects in their communities under the supervision of teachers trained in the intervention. The intervention caused a decline in absenteeism and disciplinary sanctions at school, alongside improved academic achievem...
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作者：Blundell, Jack; Duchini, Emma; Simion, Stefania; Turrell, Arthur
作者单位：University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; University of Essex; University of Bristol; Bank of England
摘要：Since 2018, UK firms with at least 250 employees have been mandated to publicly disclose gender equality indicators. Exploiting variations in this mandate across firm size and time, we show that pay transparency closes 19 percent of the gender pay gap by reducing men's pay growth. By combining different sources of data, we also provide suggestive evidence that the public availability of the equality indicators enhances public scrutiny. In turn, employers more exposed to public scrutiny seem to...
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作者：Cherniwchan, Jevan; Najjar, Nouri
作者单位：McMaster University; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：We test the hypothesis that governments alter environmental policy in response to trade by studying NAFTA's effects on the formation of environmental policy in the US House of Representatives between 1990 and 2000. We find that reductions in US tariffs decreased political support for environmental legislation. This decrease appears to be due to (i) a reduction in support by incumbent Republican legislators in response to trade-induced changes in the policy preferences of their constituents and...
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作者：Ash, Elliott; Galletta, Sergio; Giommoni, Tommaso
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of Amsterdam
摘要：Can machine learning support better governance? This study uses a tree-based, gradient-boosted classifier to predict corruption in Brazilian municipalities using budget data as predictors. The trained model offers a predictive measure of corruption, which we validate through replication and extension of previous corruption studies. Our policy simulations show that machine learning can significantly enhance corruption detection: Compared to random audits, a machine-guided targeted policy could ...
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作者：Dorsey, Jackson; Langer, Ashley; Mcrae, Shaun
作者单位：University of Texas System; University of Texas Austin; University of Arizona; National Bureau of Economic Research; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：This paper quantifies the value of electric vehicle (EV) charging networks and the marginal value of network speed and density. We estimate a model of gasoline drivers' refueling preferences and simulate how these potential future EV drivers value refueling time under counterfactual charging networks. Drivers value refueling time at $19.73/hour. EV adopters with home charging receive $675 per vehicle in benefits from avoiding travel to gas stations, whereas refueling travel and waiting time co...
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作者：Evans, William N.; Kolka, Shawna; Sullivan, James X.; Turner, Patrick S.
作者单位：University of Notre Dame
摘要：Families in poverty face numerous barriers to establishing stable economic footing. This paper estimates experimental effects of a holistic, individualized wraparound service intervention for low-income individuals. The intervention includes a detailed assessment, an individualized service plan, intensive case management administered by a two-person team with small caseloads, and strategic financial assistance. The program improved employment and housing outcomes two years postenrollment. Give...
