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作者：Bloom, Nicholas; Lemos, Renata; Sadun, Raffaella; Van Reenen, John
作者单位：Stanford University; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Cambridge; Harvard University; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science
摘要：We collect data on management practices in over 1,800 high schools in eight countries. We show that higher management quality is strongly associated with better educational outcomes. The UK, Sweden, Canada and the US obtain the highest management scores, followed by Germany, with a gap before Italy, Brazil and India. We also show that autonomous government schools (government funded but with substantial independence like UK academies and US charters) have higher management scores than regular ...
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作者：Hansen, Casper Worm; Lonstrup, Lars
作者单位：University of Copenhagen; University of Southern Denmark
摘要：This research exploits conditional exogenous variation in mortality from the diffusion of modern medicine to study the effect of growth in life expectancy on the growth in GDP per capita. The empirical analysis establishes that countries that obtained higher growth rates of life expectancy due to this shock to mortality in the mid-twentieth century experienced lower growth rates of GDP per capita in the second half of the twentieth century. In addition, a negative relationship between initial ...
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作者：Binswanger, Johannes; Oechslin, Manuel
作者单位：Tilburg University; University of Lucerne
摘要：When it comes to economic reforms in developing countries, many economists agree on broad objectives. Broad objectives, however, can be pursued in different ways, and policy experimentation is often indispensable for learning which alternative works locally. We propose a theoretical model to study this societal learning process. The model explores the role of disagreeing beliefs about what works'. It suggests that such disagreement can stall the societal learning process and cause economic sta...
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作者：Parakhonyak, Alexei; Sobolev, Anton
作者单位：HSE University (National Research University Higher School of Economics); University of Vienna
摘要：We analyse a model of oligopolistic competition in which consumers search without priors. Consumers do not have prior beliefs about the distribution of prices charged by firms and thus try to use a robust search procedure. We show that the optimal stopping rule is stochastic and that for any distribution of search costs there is a unique market equilibrium which is characterised by price dispersion. Although listed prices approach the monopoly price as the number of firms increases, the effect...
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作者：D'Exelle, Ben; Verschoor, Arjan
作者单位：University of East Anglia
摘要：Using a lab-in-the-field experiment in Uganda we study how risk sharing influences investment behaviour. Depending on the treatment, an investor may decide to share profits with a paired person, and/or the paired person may compensate the investor for investment losses. Following sharing norms in African societies, predicted investment is higher if loss sharing is possible, and/or profit sharing is not possible. Contrary to these predictions, we find that investment is higher when losses may n...
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作者：Autor, David H.; Dorn, David; Hanson, Gordon H.
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Zurich; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; University of California System; University of California San Diego
摘要：We juxtapose the effects of trade and technology on employment in US local labour markets between 1980 and 2007. Labour markets whose initial industry composition exposes them to rising Chinese import competition experience significant falls in employment, particularly in manufacturing and among non-college workers. Labour markets susceptible to computerisation due to specialisation in routine task-intensive activities instead experience occupational polarisation within manufacturing and non-m...
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作者：Egger, Peter H.; Lassmann, Andrea
作者单位：Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain; ETH Zurich
摘要：This article studies the effect of sharing a common native language (CNL) on international trade. Switzerland hosts three major native language groups which adjoin countries sharing the same native majority languages. In regions close to the internal language border the alternate major language is taught early on in school and not only understood but spoken by the residents. This setting allows for an assessment of the impact of common native rather than spoken language on transaction-level im...
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作者：Carluccio, Juan; Fougere, Denis; Gautier, Erwan
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; University of Surrey; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut Polytechnique de Paris; ENSAE Paris; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po); Nantes Universite
摘要：We estimate the impact of international trade on wages using data for French manufacturing firms. We instrument firm-level trade flows with firm-specific instrumental variables based on world demand and supply shocks. Both export and offshoring shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has heterogeneous effects. The impact of trade on wages varies across bargaining regimes. In firms with collective bargaining, the elasticity...
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作者：Caggiano, Giovanni; Castelnuovo, Efrem; Colombo, Valentina; Nodari, Gabriela
作者单位：University of Padua; University of Melbourne; University of Verona; University of New South Wales Sydney
摘要：We estimate non-linear VARs to assess to what extent fiscal spending multipliers are countercyclical in the US. We deal with the issue of non-fundamentalness due to fiscal foresight by appealing to sums of revisions of expectations of fiscal expenditures. This measure of anticipated fiscal shocks is shown to carry valuable information about future dynamics of public spending. Results based on generalised impulse responses suggest that fiscal spending multipliers in recessions are greater than ...
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作者：Passari, Evgenia; Rey, Helene
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; University of London; London Business School; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：We review the findings of the literature on the benefits of international financial flows and find that they are quantitatively elusive. We then present evidence on the existence of a global cycle in gross cross-border flows, asset prices and leverage and discuss its impact on monetary policy autonomy across different exchange rate regimes. We focus in particular on the effect of US monetary policy shocks on the UK's financial conditions.
