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作者：Benshaul-Tolonen, Anja
作者单位：Columbia University; Columbia University
摘要：Local industrial development has the potential to improve health and well-being, while also damaging health through exposure to harmful pollution. It is an empirical question which of these effects dominate. Exploiting the quasi-experimental expansion of African large-scale gold mining, I find that local infant mortality rates decrease by more than 50% alongside rapid economic growth. The instantaneous reduction is comparable to overall gains in infant survival rates in the study countries fro...
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作者：Halliday, Timothy J.; Lynham, John; de Paula, Aureo
作者单位：University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of Hawaii System; University of Hawaii Manoa; University of London; University College London
摘要：The negative consequences of long-term exposure to particulate pollution are well established but a number of studies find no effect of short-term exposure on health outcomes. The high correlation of industrial pollutants complicates the estimation of the impact of individual pollutants on health. In this study, we use emissions from Kilauea volcano, which are uncorrelated with other pollution sources, to estimate the impact of pollutants on local emergency room admissions and a precise measur...
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作者：Ignacio Garcia-Perez, J.; Marinescu, Ioana; Vall Castello, Judit
作者单位：University of Pennsylvania; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Barcelona; University of Barcelona
摘要：By reducing the commitmentmade by employers, fixed-term contracts can help low-skilled youth find a first job. However, the long-term impact of fixed-term contracts on these workers' careers may be negative. Using Spanish social security data, we analysed the impact of a large liberalisation in the regulation of fixed-term contracts in 1984. Using a cohort regression discontinuity design, we find that over the first 10 years in the labour market, the reform reduced the number of days worked (b...
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作者：Daudin, Guillaume; Franck, Raphael; Rapoport, Hillel
作者单位：Universite PSL; Universite Paris-Dauphine; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD); Laboratoire dEconomie de Dauphine LEDa; Paris School of Economics; Hebrew University of Jerusalem
摘要：This article offers an explanation for the convergence of fertility rates across French departements in the second half of the 19th century that emphasises the diffusion of information through internal migration. It tests how migration affected fertility by building a decennial bilateral migration matrix between French departements for 1861-911. The identification strategy uses exogenous variation in transportation costs resulting from the construction of railways. The results suggest that the...
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作者：Aytimur, R. Emre; Bruns, Christian
作者单位：University of Manchester; University of Gottingen
摘要：We show that ignorant voters can succeed in establishing high levels of electoral accountability. In our model, an incumbent politician is confronted with a large number of voters who receive fuzzy private signals about her performance. A sampling effect enables the incumbent to form a precise estimate of the median voter's signal, and the resulting level of accountability is as if the incumbent faced a perfectly informed social planner. Public information or ideological preferences can impair...
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作者：Nygard, Odd E.; Slemrod, Joel; Thoresen, Thor O.
作者单位：Statistics Norway; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University of Oslo
摘要：Both buyers and sellers of goods and services may benefit from letting their economic transactions go unrecorded for tax purposes. The supplier reduces his tax burden by underreporting income and sales, whereas the consumer may gain from buying a non-taxed lower-priced product. The distributional implications of such joint tax evasion depend on the amounts evaded, on where the evaders on both sides of the market are found in the income distribution, and on how the financial gain is split. Our ...
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作者：Argenziano, Rossella; Gilboa, Itzhak
作者单位：University of Essex; Universite Paris Saclay; Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC) Paris; Tel Aviv University
摘要：We provide a microfoundation for a weighted utilitarian social welfare function that reflects common moral intuitions about interpersonal comparisons of utilities. If utility is only ordinal in the usual microeconomic sense, interpersonal comparisons are meaningless. Nonetheless, economics often adopt utilitarian welfare functions, assuming that comparable utility functions can be calibrated, using information beyond consumer choice data. We show that consumer choice data alone are sufficient....
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作者：Saran, Rene; Tumennasan, Norovsambuu
作者单位：University System of Ohio; University of Cincinnati; Yale NUS College; Dalhousie University
摘要：We study the effectiveness of sortition to elicit and aggregate information that is dispersed among groups of individuals facing a collective choice problem. Sortition is the process of selecting decision-makers by a kleroterion (lottery machine). In environments with private consumption, we identify a large class of kleroteria that is as effective as direct democracy in (fully) implementing social choice functions. Examples include an opinion poll, where a random sample of two (or more) indiv...
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作者：Cagala, Tobias; Glogowsky, Ulrich; Grimm, Veronika; Rincke, Johannes
作者单位：Deutsche Bundesbank; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Munich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut; University of Erlangen Nuremberg
摘要：This article studies public goods provision when contributors repeatedly interact with rent-extracting administrators. Our main finding is that the presence of an administrator reduces contributions but only because rent extraction lowers the marginal per capita return of investing in the public good. Analysing the interactions between the contributors and the administrator, we demonstrate that rent-extraction and cooperation shocks trigger short-run adjustments in agents' behaviour. However, ...
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作者：Iriberri, Nagore; Rey-Biel, Pedro
作者单位：University of Basque Country; Universitat Ramon Llull; Escuela Superior de Administracion y Direccion de Empresas (ESADE)
摘要：In two-stage elimination math contests, participants from four different age groups compete to pass from stage 1 to stage 2 and later to be among the winners. Although female participants have higher maths grades at school the gender gap reverses in the two stages of the contests. More importantly, following the same individual participant across different stages, we find that the gender gap in performance increases from stage 1 to stage 2. The increase in female underperformance is attributed...
