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作者：Manzini, Paola; Mariotti, Marco; Ulku, Levent
作者单位：University of Sussex; University of London; Queen Mary University London; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：The Hicksian definition of complementarity and substitutability may not apply in contexts in which agents are not utility maximisers or where price or income variations, whether implicit or explicit, are not available. We look for tools to identify complementarity and substitutability satisfying the following criteria: they are behavioural (based only on observable choice data); model-free (valid whether the agent is rational or not) and they do not rely on price or income variation. We uncove...
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作者：Castillo, Marco; Jordan, Jeffrey L.; Petrie, Ragan
作者单位：Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station; University of Melbourne; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：We present direct evidence that children who are unwilling to wait for a larger reward and instead prefer a small one earlier (i.e. they have a higher discount rate) are less likely to graduate from high school. Using an incentivised experiment to measure the discount rates of 878 children, we find large effects on human capital accumulation - a one standard deviation increase in the discount rate decreases the probability of graduating from high school by four percentage points. Importantly, ...
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作者：Melguizo, Isabel
作者单位：Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de Mexico; Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas A.C. (CIDE)
摘要：This article studies the persistence of disagreement using a dynamic model in which individuals update their attitudes by averaging those of others with whom they relate. Individuals establish homophilous relations and thus favour others with similar (dichotomous) attributes. Attributes determine the intensity of relations to the extent to which there is a substantial difference in attitudes between the two groups of individuals possessing and lacking them. The main finding is that disagreemen...
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作者：Ananyev, Maxim; Guriev, Sergei
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Institut d'Etudes Politiques Paris (Sciences Po)
摘要：This article draws on a natural experiment to identify the relationship between income and trust. We use a unique panel data set on Russia where GDP experienced an 8% drop in 2009. The effect of the crisis had been uneven among Russian regions because of their differences in industrial structure inherited from the Soviet period. After instrumenting average regional income by Soviet industrial structure, we find that 10% decrease in income is associated with a five percentage point decrease in ...
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作者：Funk, Peter
作者单位：University of Cologne; University of Cologne
摘要：Human capital not only earns income but also is a source of direct felicity. The interaction between these two motives for effort can generate multiple stationary solutions for individual household optimisation. This multiplicity freezes any sufficiently unequal initial skill distribution and persistently segregates households into two separate groups: one rich and educated, one poor and uneducated. If public goods are to be financed, polarisation is typically Pareto-inefficient. While uncondi...
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作者：Estevan, Fernanda; Gall, Thomas; Morin, Louis-Philippe
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作者：Nordvik, Frode Martin
作者单位：BI Norwegian Business School
摘要：A large literature investigates the relation between oil and conflict, yet no empirical study has found any link between oil and coups d'etat. Using a new data set on oil production separated into onshore and offshore volumes, oil price shocks are seen to promote coups in onshore-intensive oil countries, while preventing them in offshore-intensive oil countries. A likely mechanism is that onshore oil motivates military build-ups, while offshore oil does not. From a political leader's point of ...
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作者：Mastrobuoni, Giovanni; Rivers, David A.
作者单位：Collegio Carlo Alberto; Western University (University of Western Ontario)
摘要：We use rich microdata on bank robberies to estimate individual-level disutilities of imprisonment. The identification rests on the money versus apprehension trade-off that robbers face inside the bank when deciding whether to leave or collect money for an additional minute. The distribution of the disutility of prison is not degenerate, generating heterogeneity in behaviour. Our results show that unobserved heterogeneity in robber ability is important for explaining outcomes in terms of haul a...
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作者：Albagli, Pinjas; Rau, Tomas
作者单位：Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile; Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
摘要：This article studies a change in paid maternity leave entitlements in Chile. We exploit a reform that increased paid leave from 12 to 24 weeks for mothers of children born on 25 July 2011 or later. We estimate the effects of reform exposure on different children and maternal outcomes finding significant and positive effects on children's cognitive abilities, especially for those with less educated mothers. There is an increase in the probability of breastfeeding at least six months and breastf...
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作者：Godefroy, Raphael
作者单位：Universite de Montreal; Universite de Montreal
摘要：This article estimates the impact on fertility of a 1999 reform that reduced litigants' rights for Muslim women in certain states of Nigeria. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys, I find that, where enforced, the Reform increased the yearly probability of giving birth by 0.026. This effect stems from both a shift of fertility decisions within marriage towards husbands' preferences and an increase in the probability of being married. The change in marital status alone may explain 60% ...
