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作者：Bianchi, Nicola; Giorcelli, Michela; Martino, Enrica Maria
作者单位：Northwestern University; Northwestern University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR)
摘要：This paper studies how fiscal decentralisation affects labour supply. It explores a reform that increased the fiscal autonomy of Italian municipalities by replacing government transfers with revenues from a local property tax. Our identification leverages cross-municipal variation in the degree of decentralisation that stems from differences in the average age of buildings caused by World War II bombings. Decentralisation expanded municipal services, such as nursery schools, especially in area...
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作者：Janssen, Aljoscha
作者单位：Singapore Management University
摘要：This article examines pricing in pharmaceutical markets where branded products face competition from generics. After providing evidence for brand premia and switching costs using prescription-level and matched socioeconomic data for the entire Swedish population, I estimate a dynamic oligopoly model and evaluate counterfactual policies that reduce the impact of frictions on pricing. Lengthening the procurement period reduces the impact of switching costs on prices. The policy increases prices ...
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作者：Pope, Nolan G.; Zuo, George W.
作者单位：University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; RAND Corporation; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park
摘要：Managing student behaviour is integral to the education production process. We study the trade-offs of school suspension policies by modelling and estimating how changes in school suspension policies causally impact student performance and teacher turnover. Our results indicate that the reduction in suspension rates in the Los Angeles Unified School District decreased math and English test scores, decreased grade point averages and increased absences. Teacher turnover also increased, particula...
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作者：Dustmann, Christian; Mertz, Mikkel; Okatenko, Anna
作者单位：University of London; University College London; University of London; Queen Mary University London; University of London; University College London; University of London; University College London
摘要：Using an identification strategy based on random assignment of refugees to different municipalities in Denmark between 1986 and 1998, we find strong evidence that gang crime rates in the neighbourhood at assignment increase the probability of boys to commit crimes before the age of 19, and that gang crime (but not other crime) increases the likelihood of teenage motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing significantly...
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作者：Devereux, Michael B.; Gente, Karine; Yu, Changhua
作者单位：University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia; Aix-Marseille Universite; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Peking University; University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia
摘要：This paper analyses the impact of fiscal spending shocks in a dynamic, multi-country model with international production networks. The response of real gross domestic product to a fiscal spending shock can be decomposed into a direct effect, income effect and price effect. The direct effect depends only on input-output linkages, while the price effect is zero in the aggregate. We apply this decomposition to the Eurozone, and find that fiscal spillovers from Germany and the core Eurozone countr...
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作者：Charness, Gary; Grieco, Daniela
作者单位：University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of California System; University of California Santa Barbara; University of Milan
摘要：We investigate which form of corporate culture is most effective in enhancing individual performance in creative tasks conducted in group settings. We combine a series of experiments with a questionnaire on corporate values to test whether performance ranking and incentives succeed in instantiating a creative corporate culture. Being ranked against competitors and setting incentives at the group level serves as a social cue that appears to induce in members a significantly stronger pro-social ...
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作者：Feng, Xiangyu; Jaimovich, Nir; Rao, Krishna; Terry, Stephen J.; Vincent, Nicolas
作者单位：Xiamen University; University of California System; University of California San Diego; Center for Economic & Policy Research (CEPR); National Bureau of Economic Research; Boston University; Universite de Montreal; HEC Montreal
摘要：Exploiting data on tens of millions of housing transactions, we show that (1) house prices grew by less in manufacturing-heavy US regions, (2) this pattern is especially present for the lowest-value homes and that (3) price declines coincided with worse labour market outcomes, consistent with an income channel. Counterfactual accounting exercises reveal that regional differences in the growth of these lowest-value homes are an important driver of the changes in overall house price inequality. ...
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作者：Mbiti, Isaac; Romero, Mauricio; Schipper, Youdi
作者单位：University of Virginia; National Bureau of Economic Research; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico
摘要：We use a nationally representative field experiment in Tanzania to compare two teacher performance pay systems in public primary schools: a 'pay-for-percentile' system (a rank-order tournament) and a 'levels' system that features multiple proficiency thresholds. Pay for percentile can potentially induce socially optimal effort among teachers, while levels systems can encourage teachers to focus on students near passing thresholds. Despite the theoretical advantage of the tournament system, we ...
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作者：Brotherhood, Luiz; Herskovic, Bernard; Ramos, Joao
作者单位：University of Barcelona; Getulio Vargas Foundation; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Southern California
摘要：We study whether college admissions should implement quotas for lower-income applicants. We develop an overlapping-generation model and calibrate it to data from Brazil, where such a policy is widely implemented. In our model, parents choose how much to invest in their child's education, thereby increasing both human capital and likelihood of college admission. We find that, in the long run, the optimal income-based affirmative action increases welfare and aggregate output. It improves the poo...
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作者：Breda, Thomas; Grenet, Julien; Monnet, Marion; Van Effenterre, Clementine
作者单位：Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Paris School of Economics; Universite Bourgogne Europe; University of Toronto
摘要：We show in a large-scale field experiment that a brief exposure to female role models working in scientific fields affects high school students' perceptions and choices of undergraduate major. The classroom interventions reduced the prevalence of stereotypical views on jobs in science and gender differences in abilities. They also made high-achieving girls in grade 12 more likely to enrol in selective and male-dominated science, technology, engineering and mathematics programs in college. Comp...
