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作者：Sparber, Chad
作者单位：Colgate University
摘要：Empirical evidence illustrates that diversity generates both economic costs and benefits. This paper develops a theoretical model that accounts for the positive and deleterious effects of heterogeneity. First, an expanded Solow Growth Model demonstrates that the direct effects of diversity can be positive or negative, and depend upon the size of fixed parameter Values. Second, diversity also influences individuals' location decisions. Segregation (variation of diversity across regions) always ...
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作者：Bjornskov, Christian
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：This note suggests that the association between income inequality and economic growth rates might arguably depend on the political ideology of incumbent governments. Estimates indicate that Under leftwing governments, inequality is negatively associated with growth while the association is positive under rightwing governments. This may provide a qualification to recent studies of inequality. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
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作者：Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：A labor market model is developed in which the formal sector is characterized by search frictions whereas the informal sector is competitive. We show that there exists a unique steady-state equilibrium in this dual economy. We then consider different policies financed by a tax on firms' profits. We find that reducing the unemployment benefit or the firms' entry cost in the formal sector induces higher job creation and formal employment, reduces the size of the informal sector but has an ambigu...
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作者：Andersen, Jorgen Juel; Aslaksen, Silje
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：Utilizing, the fact that natural resources are randomly distributed among countries, we investigate how public income shocks have different long run economic effects dependent on constitutional arrangements. We find that (i) the so-called 'resource curse' is present in democratic presidential countries-but not in democratic parliamentary Countries, (ii) being parliamentary or presidential matters more for the growth effects of natural resources than being democratic or autocratic, and (iii) na...
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作者：Ravallion, Martin; van de Walle, Dominique
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：In the wake of reforms to establish a free market in land-use rights, Vietnam experienced a pronounced rise in rural landlessness. To some observers this is a harmless by-product of a more efficient economy, while to others it signals the return of the pre-socialist class structure, With the rural landless at the bottom of the economic ladder. We Study the issue empirically using four household Surveys spanning 1993-2004. Although we find rising landlessness amongst the poor, the post-reform l...
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作者：Abiad, Abdul; Oomes, Nienke; Ueda, Kenichi
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We document evidence of a quality effect of financial liberalization on allocative efficiency, as measured by dispersion in Tobin's Q across firms. We predict that financial liberalization, by equalizing access to credit, is associated with reduced variation in expected marginal returns. We test this prediction using a new financial liberalization index and firm-level data for five emerging markets: India, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. We find robust evidence that financial liberaliza...
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作者：Lima, Luiz Renato; Gaglianone, Wagner Piazza; Sampaio, Raquel M. B.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：In this paper we investigate fiscal sustainability by using a quantile autoregression (QAR) model. We propose a novel methodology to separate periods of nonstationarity from stationary ones, allowing us to identify various trajectories of public debt that are compatible with fiscal sustainability. We use such trajectories to construct a debt ceiling, that is, the largest value of public debt that does not jeopardize long-run fiscal sustainability. We make an out-of-sample forecast of such a ce...
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作者：Mattoo, Aaditya; Neagu, Ileana Cristina; Oezden, Caglar
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper investigates the occupational placement of immigrants in the US labor market using census data. We find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after we control for individuals' age, experience and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can b...
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作者：Huang, Rocco R.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Hofstede's [Hofstede, Geert H. 1980. Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.] cross-country psychological survey of IBM employees finds that some countries (societies) are systematically less tolerant of uncertainty.. while uncertainty-tolerance is shown by some theoretic models to be essential to the growth of emerging sectors about Which less is known. This paper first uses Durney Morck, and Yeung's [Durney, Ail, Morck, Randall, and ...
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作者：Freund, Caroline; Bolaky, Bineswaree
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：We examine the relationship between openness and per-capita income using cross-country data from 126 countries. We find that trade leads to a higher standard of living in flexible economies, but not in rigid economies. Business regulation, especially on firm entry, is more important than financial development, higher education, or rule of law as a complementary policy to trade liberalization. Specifically, after controlling for the standard determinants of per-capita income, Our results imply ...
