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作者：Sparber, Chad
作者单位：Colgate University
摘要：Empirical evidence illustrates that diversity generates both economic costs and benefits. This paper develops a theoretical model that accounts for the positive and deleterious effects of heterogeneity. First, an expanded Solow Growth Model demonstrates that the direct effects of diversity can be positive or negative, and depend upon the size of fixed parameter Values. Second, diversity also influences individuals' location decisions. Segregation (variation of diversity across regions) always ...
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作者：Bjornskov, Christian
作者单位：Aarhus University
摘要：This note suggests that the association between income inequality and economic growth rates might arguably depend on the political ideology of incumbent governments. Estimates indicate that Under leftwing governments, inequality is negatively associated with growth while the association is positive under rightwing governments. This may provide a qualification to recent studies of inequality. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
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作者：Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)
摘要：A labor market model is developed in which the formal sector is characterized by search frictions whereas the informal sector is competitive. We show that there exists a unique steady-state equilibrium in this dual economy. We then consider different policies financed by a tax on firms' profits. We find that reducing the unemployment benefit or the firms' entry cost in the formal sector induces higher job creation and formal employment, reduces the size of the informal sector but has an ambigu...
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作者：Liu, Zhiqiang
作者单位：State University of New York (SUNY) System; University at Buffalo, SUNY
摘要：Within the endogenous growth framework, we offer an explanation on how foreign direct investment (FDI) generates externalities in the form of technology transfer. We distinguish between the level and rate effects of spillovers on the productivity of domestic firms. A new insight gained trom the theory is that the level and rate effects of spillovers can go in opposite directions. The negative level effect underscores the fact that technology transfer is a costly process-scarce resources must b...
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作者：Murata, Yasusada
作者单位：Nihon University
摘要：This paper presents a model of structural change and agglomeration. A decline in transportation costs, by enhancing consumers' purchasing power, leads to Engel's law of the demand shift from agricultural to non-agricultural goods. At the same time, the decline in transportation costs, by enlarging the extent of the market for non-agricultural goods, induces Petty's law of the labor reallocation from agriculture to non-agricultural activities. These structural transformations weaken dispersion ...
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作者：Andersen, Jorgen Juel; Aslaksen, Silje
作者单位：Norwegian University of Science & Technology (NTNU)
摘要：Utilizing, the fact that natural resources are randomly distributed among countries, we investigate how public income shocks have different long run economic effects dependent on constitutional arrangements. We find that (i) the so-called 'resource curse' is present in democratic presidential countries-but not in democratic parliamentary Countries, (ii) being parliamentary or presidential matters more for the growth effects of natural resources than being democratic or autocratic, and (iii) na...
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作者：Ravallion, Martin; van de Walle, Dominique
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：In the wake of reforms to establish a free market in land-use rights, Vietnam experienced a pronounced rise in rural landlessness. To some observers this is a harmless by-product of a more efficient economy, while to others it signals the return of the pre-socialist class structure, With the rural landless at the bottom of the economic ladder. We Study the issue empirically using four household Surveys spanning 1993-2004. Although we find rising landlessness amongst the poor, the post-reform l...
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作者：Jalan, Jyotsna; Somanathan, E.
作者单位：Indian Statistical Institute; Indian Statistical Institute Delhi
摘要：To what extent does information affect the demand for environmental quality? A randomly selected group of households in an Indian city were informed whether or not their drinking water had tested positive for fecal contamination using a simple, inexpensive test kit. Households initially not purifying their water and told that their drinking water was possibly contaminated, were I I percentage points more likely to begin some form of home purification in the next eight weeks than households tha...
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作者：Abiad, Abdul; Oomes, Nienke; Ueda, Kenichi
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：We document evidence of a quality effect of financial liberalization on allocative efficiency, as measured by dispersion in Tobin's Q across firms. We predict that financial liberalization, by equalizing access to credit, is associated with reduced variation in expected marginal returns. We test this prediction using a new financial liberalization index and firm-level data for five emerging markets: India, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. We find robust evidence that financial liberaliza...
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作者：Kreickemeier, Udo; Raimondos-Moller, Pascalis
作者单位：Copenhagen Business School; University of Nottingham; Centre for Economic Policy Research - UK
摘要：Reducing tariffs and increasing consumption taxes is a standard IMF advice to countries that want to open up their economy without hurting government finances. Indeed, theoretical analysis of such a tariff-tax reform shows an unambiguous increase in welfare and government revenues. The present paper examines whether the country that implements such a reform ends up opening up its markets to international trade, i.e. whether its market access improves. It is shown that this is not necessarily s...
