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作者：Gibson, John; Stillman, Steven; Le, Trinh
作者单位：University of Waikato
摘要：The economies of the former Soviet Bloc experienced large declines in output during the decade of transition which began with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Yet there are many reasons to believe that measured output and official deflators provide a poor proxy for the change in real living standards in transition economies. This paper uses the Engel curve methodology developed by Hamilton [Hamilton, B. 2001. Using Engel's Law to Estimate CPI Bias American Economic Review 91(3): 619-6...
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作者：Luintel, Kul B.; Khan, Mosahid; Arestis, Philip; Theodoridis, Konstantinos
作者单位：Cardiff University; University of Cambridge
摘要：Recent empirical work on financial structure and economic growth analyzes multi-country dataset in panel and/or cross-section frameworks and concludes that financial structure is irrelevant. We highlight their shortcomings and re-examine this issue utilizing a time series and a Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel methods. Our sample consists of fourteen countries. Tests reveal that cross-country data cannot be pooled. Financial structure significantly explains output levels in most countries. The resu...
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作者：Alix-Garcia, Jennifer
作者单位：University of San Francisco
摘要：This paper analyzes the household level forces driving the positive impact of inequality on common property forest cover in Mexico. A game theoretic model demonstrates that when common property goods are complementary to private inputs in production, an increase in wealth inequality can lead to a decrease in exploitation of the commons. Data from 350 Mexican common properties show that as inequality increases, those on the lower end of the land distribution are less likely to use the commons. ...
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作者：Lima, Luiz Renato; Gaglianone, Wagner Piazza; Sampaio, Raquel M. B.
作者单位：Getulio Vargas Foundation; Getulio Vargas Foundation
摘要：In this paper we investigate fiscal sustainability by using a quantile autoregression (QAR) model. We propose a novel methodology to separate periods of nonstationarity from stationary ones, allowing us to identify various trajectories of public debt that are compatible with fiscal sustainability. We use such trajectories to construct a debt ceiling, that is, the largest value of public debt that does not jeopardize long-run fiscal sustainability. We make an out-of-sample forecast of such a ce...
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作者：Mattoo, Aaditya; Neagu, Ileana Cristina; Oezden, Caglar
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：This paper investigates the occupational placement of immigrants in the US labor market using census data. We find striking differences among highly educated immigrants from different countries, even after we control for individuals' age, experience and level of education. With some exceptions, educated immigrants from Latin American and Eastern European countries are more likely to end up in unskilled jobs than immigrants from Asia and industrial countries. A large part of the variation can b...
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作者：Madajewicz, Malgosia; Pfaff, Alexander; van Geen, Alexander; Graziano, Joseph; Hussein, Iftikhar; Momotaj, Hasina; Sylvi, Roksana; Ahsan, Habibul
作者单位：Columbia University
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作者：Huang, Rocco R.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Philadelphia
摘要：Hofstede's [Hofstede, Geert H. 1980. Culture's consequences: international differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.] cross-country psychological survey of IBM employees finds that some countries (societies) are systematically less tolerant of uncertainty.. while uncertainty-tolerance is shown by some theoretic models to be essential to the growth of emerging sectors about Which less is known. This paper first uses Durney Morck, and Yeung's [Durney, Ail, Morck, Randall, and ...
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作者：Freund, Caroline; Bolaky, Bineswaree
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：We examine the relationship between openness and per-capita income using cross-country data from 126 countries. We find that trade leads to a higher standard of living in flexible economies, but not in rigid economies. Business regulation, especially on firm entry, is more important than financial development, higher education, or rule of law as a complementary policy to trade liberalization. Specifically, after controlling for the standard determinants of per-capita income, Our results imply ...
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作者：Andrianova, Svetlana; Demetriades, Panicos; Shortland, Anja
作者单位：University of Leicester; Brunel University
摘要：Using a suitably modified locational model of banking, we examine the influence of institutions, such as deposit contract enforcement, in explaining the share of government owned banks in the banking system. We present cross-country evidence suggesting that institutional factors are relatively more important determinants of the share of state banks than political or historical ones. We argue that rather than privatizing or subsidizing state banks governments in developing countries should buil...
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作者：Gibson, John; Kim, Bonggeun
作者单位：University of Waikato; Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU)
摘要：This paper analyzes reporting errors in crime data to see how they impact econometric estimates, particularly of the key relationship between inequality and crime. Criminal victimization surveys Of 140,000 respondents in 37 industrial, transition and developing countries are used. Comparing the crimes experienced by these respondents with those reported to the police, nonrandom and mean-reverting errors are apparent. Time-varying factors affect the propensity of victims to report crimes to the...
