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作者：Das, Jishnu; Quy-Toan Do; Shaines, Karen; Srikant, Sowmya
作者单位：The World Bank
摘要：Using a database of 76,046, empirical economics papers published between 1985 and 2005, we report two associations. First, research output on a given country increases with the country's population and wealth, yielding a strong correlation between per-capita research output and per-capita GDP. Regressions controlling for data quality, governance and the use of English give an estimated research-wealth elasticity of 032; surprisingly, the U.S. is not an outlier. Second, papers written about the...
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作者：Barro, Robert J.; Lee, Jong Wha
作者单位：Harvard University; Korea University
摘要：Our panel data set on educational attainment has been updated for 146 countries from 1950 to 2010. The data are disaggregated by sex and by 5-year age intervals. We have improved the accuracy of estimation by using information from consistent census data, disaggregated by age group, along with new estimates of mortality rates and completion rates by age and education level. We compare the estimates with our previous ones (Barro and Lee, 2001) and alternative measures (Cohen and Soto, 2007). Ou...
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作者：Camilo Cardenas, Juan; Chong, Alberto; Nopo, Hugo
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); Universidad de los Andes (Colombia); University of Ottawa; University of Ottawa
摘要：Do attitudinal surveys and incentivized experiments predict actual behavior? We answer this question using data on trust and pro-sociality from experiments and surveys conducted on six Latin American cities. Individuals in agreement with a set of pro-social statements who also either are willing to trust others more or are interested in risk-pooling, end up investing more in maintaining their social capital in the form of social organizations such as charities, religion, politics, sports and c...
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作者：Alexeev, Michael; Song, Yunah
作者单位：Indiana University System; Indiana University Bloomington
摘要：We analyze the relationship between product market competition and corruption. The existing literature typically views corruption as extortion of pre-existing rents. This perspective suggests that competition usually reduces corruption, although generally the sign of this relationship is ambiguous. Shleifer and Vishny (1993), however, show that cost-reducing corruption is promoted by product market competition. That is, the effect of competition on corruption depends of the nature of corruptio...
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作者：Guha, Brishti; Chowdhury, Prabal Roy
作者单位：Singapore Management University
摘要：We develop a tractable model of competition among socially motivated MFIs, so that the objective functions of the MFIs put some weight on their own clients' utility. We find that the equilibrium involves double-dipping, i.e. borrowers taking multiple loans from different MFIs, whenever the MFIs are relatively profit-oriented. Further, double-dipping necessarily leads to default and inefficiency, and moreover, borrowers who face relatively higher transactions costs optimally decide to double-di...
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作者：Levy-Yeyati, Eduardo; Sturzenegger, Federico; Alfredo Gluzmann, Pablo
作者单位：Universidad Torcuato Di Tella; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：In recent years, the term fear of floating has been used to describe exchange rate regimes that, while officially flexible, in practice intervene heavily to avoid sudden or large depreciations. However, the data reveals that in most cases (and increasingly so in the 2000s) intervention has been aimed at limiting appreciations rather than depreciations, often motivated by the neo-mercantilist view of a depreciated real exchange rate as protection for domestic industries. As a first step to addr...
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作者：Rotunno, Lorenzo; Vezina, Pierre-Louis; Wang, Zheng
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Hull
摘要：During the final years of the Multifiber Agreement (2001-2005) the US imposed quotas on Chinese apparel while it gave African apparel duty- and quota-free access. We argue that the combination of these policies led to a rapid but ephemeral rise of African exports that can be explained in part by ethnic-Chinese firms using Africa as a quota-hopping export platform. We first provide a large body of anecdotal evidence on the ethnic-Chinese apparel wave in Africa. Second, we show that Chinese expo...
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作者：Fulford, Scott L.
作者单位：Boston College
摘要：Although many view financial access as a means of reducing poverty or increasing growth, empirical studies have produced contradictory results. One problem is that most studies cover only a short time frame and do not consider dynamic effects. I show that introducing credit in a general model of intertemporal consumption creates a boom in consumption and reduces poverty initially, but eventually reduces mean consumption because credit substitutes for precautionary wealth. Using new consistent ...
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作者：Benassy, Jean-Pascal; Brezis, Elise S.
作者单位：Bar Ilan University
摘要：This paper links the two fields of development traps and brain drain. We construct a model which integrates endogenous international migration into a simple growth model. As a result the dynamics of the economy can feature some underdevelopment traps: an economy starting with a low level of human capital can be caught in a vicious circle where low level of human capital leads to low wages, and low wages leads to emigration of valuable human capital. We also show that our model displays a rich ...
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作者：Frankel, Jeffrey A.; Vegh, Carlos A.; Vuletin, Guillermo
作者单位：Harvard University; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; Colby College; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：In the past, industrial countries have tended to pursue countercyclical or, at worst, acyclical fiscal policy. In sharp contrast, emerging and developing countries have followed procyclical fiscal policy, thus exacerbating the underlying business cycle. We show that, over the last decade, about a third of the developing world has been able to escape the procyclicality trap and actually become countercyclical. We then focus on the role played by the quality of institutions, which appears to be ...
