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作者：Naoussi, Claude Francis; Tripier, Fabien
作者单位：Universite de Lille
摘要：This article explores the role of trend shocks in explaining the specificities of business cycles in developing countries using the methodology introduced by Aguiar and Gopinath (2007). We specify a small open economy model with transitory and trend shocks on productivity to replicate the differences in the business cycle behavior observed between developed, emerging, and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Our results suggest a strong relationship between the weight of trend shocks in the source of...
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作者：Abramitzky, Ran; Boustan, Leah Platt; Eriksson, Katherine
作者单位：Stanford University; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of California System; University of California Los Angeles
摘要：Using novel data on 50,000 Norwegian men, we study the effect of wealth on the probability of internal or international migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913), a time when the US maintained an open border to European immigrants. We do so by exploiting variation in parental wealth and in expected inheritance by birth order, gender composition of siblings, and region. We find that wealth discouraged migration in this era, suggesting that the poor could be more likely to move if m...
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作者：Mandelman, Federico S.
作者单位：Federal Reserve System - USA; Federal Reserve Bank - Atlanta
摘要：Using data for the Philippines, I develop and estimate a heterogeneous agent model to analyze the role of monetary policy in a small open economy subject to sizable remittance fluctuations. I include rule-of-thumb households with no access to financial markets and test whether remittances are countercyclical and serve as an insurance mechanism against macroeconomic shocks. When evaluating the welfare implications of alternative monetary rules, I consider both an anticipated large secular incre...
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作者：Utar, Hale; Ruiz, Luis B. Torres
作者单位：University of Bielefeld; Texas A&M University System; Texas A&M University College Station
摘要：Effects of the competition between two South locations (Mexico and China) in a Northern market (US) are analyzed. By employing a plant-level data set that covers the universe of Mexican export processing plants (maquiladoras) from 1990 to 2006 and relying on an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous intensification of Chinese imports in the world in conjunction with the WTO accession of China, the empirical analysis reveals a substantial effect of intensified Chinese competitio...
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作者：Antwi, James; Phillips, David C.
作者单位：Cardiff University; Hope College
摘要：Can governments in developing countries retain skilled health workers by raising public sector wages? We investigate this question using sudden, policy-induced wage variation in which the Government of Ghana restructured the pay scale for health workers employed by the government. We find that a 10% increase in wages decreases annual attrition from the public payroll by 1.0 percentage point (from a mean of 8 percentage points) among 20-35 year-old workers from professions that tend to migrate....
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作者：Ang, James B.
作者单位：Monash University
摘要：We study the role of institutional development as a causal mechanism of history affecting current economic performance. Several indicators capturing different dimensions of early development in 1500 AD are used to remove the endogenous component of the variations in institutions. These indicators are adjusted with large-scale movements of people across international borders using the global migration matrix of Putterman and Well (2010) to account for the fact that the ancestors of a population...
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作者：Cheng, Yuk-Shing; Chung, Kim-Sau
作者单位：Hong Kong Baptist University; University of Minnesota System; University of Minnesota Twin Cities; Chinese University of Hong Kong
摘要：Developing countries with low tax capacity may rely on predation to finance government functions. Government predation, in turn, is often accused of imposing a choking effect on state-owned enterprises (SOEs), contributing to the latter's poor performance. We formalize this choking effect as a problem of inefficient predation that arises from time inconsistency, and show that having multiple government bodies supervising the same SOE may mitigate this problem. Our theory provides an efficiency...
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作者：Marrero, Gustavo A.; Rodriguez, Juan G.
作者单位：Universidad de la Laguna; Complutense University of Madrid
摘要：Theoretical and empirical studies exploring the effects of income inequality upon growth reach a disappointing inconclusive result. This paper postulates that one reason for this ambiguity is that income inequality is actually a composite measure of inequality of opportunity and inequality of effort. They may affect growth through opposite channels, thus the relationship between inequality and growth depends on which component is larger. Using the PSID database for the U.S. in 1970, 1980 and 1...
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作者：McKenzie, David; Gibson, John; Stillman, Steven
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Waikato; University of Otago
摘要：Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better opportunities. Anecdotes of emigrants with over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad suggest excessive migration pressure. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper, we combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes i...
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作者：Shifa, Abdulaziz B.
作者单位：Stockholm University
摘要：In many developing countries, public resource allocation is often biased against the rural population. Since a vast majority of the poor live in rural areas, the bias is highlighted as one of the most important institutional factors contributing to poverty. This paper develops a political economy model of urban bias in a dictatorial regime. A novel result of the model is that urban bias can emerge in predominantly agrarian economies even if there is no bias in political power toward urban resi...
