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作者：Caballero, Ricardo J.; Cowan, Kevin N.; Engel, Eduardo M. R. A.; Micco, Alejandro
作者单位：Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); National Bureau of Economic Research; Central Bank of Chile; Yale University; Universidad de Chile
摘要：Microeconomic flexibility is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies because it facilitates the process of creative-destruction. The main reason why this process is not infinitely fast, is the presence of adjustment costs, some of them technological, others institutional. Chief among the latter is labor market regulation. While few economists object to the hypothesis that labor market regulation hinders the process of creative-destruction, its empirical support is limited. In...
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作者：Kali, Raja; Reyes, Javier; McGee, Joshua; Shirrell, Stuart
作者单位：University of Arkansas System; University of Arkansas Fayetteville
摘要：We map the relationship between products in global trade and the products a country exports as a network to devise a measure of the density of links between the products in a country's export basket and a measure of network proximity from a country's export basket to products that a country does not export. The density measure is a proxy for synergies between the products in a country's export basket. The network proximity measure is an indicator of how difficult it is likely to be for a given...
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作者：Artopoulos, Alejandro; Friel, Daniel; Carlos Hallak, Juan
作者单位：Universidad de San Andres Argentina; National Bureau of Economic Research; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET)
摘要：This study explores the underlying factors that enable firms from developing countries to successfully export differentiated goods to developed countries. The article describes four case studies of export emergence in differentiated-good sectors in Argentina, namely wine, television programs, motorboats, and wooden furniture. The case studies rely primarily on an extensive set of interviews. We find that consistent exporters to developed countries adopt a new set of business practices that dif...
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作者：Davies, Ronald B.; Vadlamannati, Krishna Chaitanya
作者单位：University College Dublin; Trinity College Dublin; Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg
摘要：One of the concerns over globalization is that as nations compete for investment, they relax labor standards to attract firms. Using spatial estimation on panel data for 135 countries over 17 years, we find that the labor standards in one country are positively correlated with those elsewhere (i.e. a cut in labor standards in other countries reduces labor standards in the country in question). This interdependence is more evident in labor practices (i.e. enforcement) than in labor laws. Furthe...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Schuendeln, Matthias
作者单位：University of Oxford; Goethe University Frankfurt
摘要：Combining data from the Moroccan census of manufacturing enterprises with information from a commune survey, we test whether firm expansion is affected by local financial development. Our findings are consistent with this hypothesis: local bank availability is robustly associated with faster growth for small and medium-size firms in sectors with growth opportunities, with a lower likelihood of firm exit and a higher likelihood of investment. Regarding the channel, the evidence suggests that, o...
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作者：Liu, Elaine M.; Huang, JiKun
作者单位：University of Houston System; University of Houston; Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要：Despite that insect-resistant Bt cotton has been lauded for its ability to reduce the use of pesticides, studies have shown that Chinese Bt cotton farmers continue to use excessive amounts of pesticides. Using results from a survey and an artefactual field experiment, we find that farmers who are more risk averse use greater quantities of pesticides. We also find that farmers who are more loss averse use lesser quantities of pesticides. This result is consistent with our conceptual framework a...
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作者：Fafchamps, Marcel; Vicente, Pedro C.
作者单位：University of Oxford; Universidade Nova de Lisboa
摘要：Voter education campaigns often aim to increase political participation and accountability. We followed a randomized campaign against electoral violence sponsored by an international NGO during the 2007 Nigerian elections. This paper investigates whether the effects of the campaign were transmitted indirectly through kinship, chatting, and geographical proximity. For individuals personally targeted by campaigners, we estimate the reinforcement effect of proximity to other targeted individuals....
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作者：Salim, Mir M.
作者单位：University of Virginia
摘要：This paper discerns between two alternative objective functions for not-for-profit Microfinance Institutions (MFIs): profit maximization and poverty targeting. I use the strategic branch location choices of the two largest MFIs in a mature, concentrated market to reveal their objectives. I consider location decisions to be the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium outcome of a one-shot game where the MFIs simultaneously choose markets in which to locate as well as how many branches to open in each. A...
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作者：Towbin, Pascal; Weber, Sebastian
作者单位：European Central Bank; Bank of France; International Monetary Fund
摘要：A traditional argument in favor of flexible exchange rates is that they insulate output better from real shocks, because the exchange rate can adjust and stabilize demand for domestic goods through expenditure switching. This argument is weakened in models with high foreign currency debt and low exchange rate pass-through to import prices. The present study evaluates the empirical relevance of these two factors. We analyze the transmission of real external shocks to the domestic economy under ...
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作者：Qureshi, Mahvash Saeed
作者单位：International Monetary Fund
摘要：This paper is the first to examine the spillover effects of regional conflicts, defined as internal or external armed conflicts in contiguous states, on international trade. Our empirical findings based on different measures of regional conflict constructed using alternate definitions of contiguity and types of conflict for 145 countries over 1948-2006-reveal a significant negative effect of both intrastate and international conflicts on the bilateral trade of neighboring countries that may no...
