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作者：Oster, Emily; Steinberg, Bryce Millett
作者单位：University of Chicago; National Bureau of Economic Research; Harvard University
摘要：Globalization has changed job opportunities in much of the developing world. In India, outsourcing has created a new class of high-skill jobs which have increased overall returns to schooling. Existing evidence suggests education may broadly respond to this change. We use microdata to evaluate the impact of these jobs on local school enrollment in areas outside of major IT centers. We merge panel data on school enrollment from a comprehensive school-level administrative dataset with detailed d...
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作者：Fernandez-Huertas Moraga, Jesus
作者单位：Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC); CSIC - Institut d'Analisi Economica (IAE)
摘要：The productive characteristics of migrating individuals, emigrant selection, affect welfare. The empirical estimation of the degree of selection suffers from a lack of complete and nationally representative data. This paper uses a dataset that addresses both issues: the ENET (Mexican Labor Survey), which identifies emigrants right before they leave and allows a direct comparison to non-migrants. This dataset presents a relevant dichotomy: it shows negative selection for urban Mexican emigrants...
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作者：Dequiedt, Vianney; Zenou, Yves
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); Stockholm University
摘要：We consider a model of international migration where skills of workers are imperfectly observed by firms in the host country and where information asymmetries are more severe for immigrants. than for natives. Because of imperfect information, firms statistically dicriminate highly-skilled migrants by paying them at their expected productivity. The decision of whether to migrate or not depends on the proportion of highly-skilled workers among the migrants. The migration game exhibits strategic ...
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作者：Falkinger, Josef; Grossmann, Volker
作者单位：University of Zurich; University of Zurich; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：This paper develops a theory in which oligarchic ownership of land or other natural resources may impede entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector and may thereby retard structural change and economic development. We show that, due to oligopsony power of owners in the agricultural labor market, higher ownership concentration depresses entrepreneurial investments by landless, credit-constrained households, whose investment possibilities depend on the income earned in the primary sector. We d...
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作者：Meredith, Jennifer; Robinson, Jonathan; Walker, Sarah; Wydick, Bruce
作者单位：University of Washington; University of Washington Seattle; University of California System; University of California Santa Cruz; National Bureau of Economic Research; University of Wisconsin System; University of Wisconsin Madison; University of San Francisco
摘要：Household investment in preventative health products is low in developing countries even though benefits from these products are very high. What interventions most effectively stimulate demand? In this paper, we experimentally estimate demand curves for health products in Kenya, Guatemala, India, and Uganda and test whether (1) information about health risk, (2) cash liquidity, (3) peer effects, and (4) intra-household differences in preferences affect demand. We find households to be highly s...
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作者：Carletto, Calogero; Savastano, Sara; Zezza, Alberto
作者单位：The World Bank; University of Rome Tor Vergata
摘要：This paper revisits the role of land measurement error in the inverse farm size and productivity relationship (IR). By making use of data from a nationally representative household survey from Uganda, in which self-reported land size information is complemented by plot measurements collected using Global Position System (GPS) devices we reject the hypothesis that IR may just be a statistical artifact linked to problems with land measurement error. In particular, we explore: (i) what are the de...
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作者：Cantoni, Davide; Yuchtman, Noam
作者单位：University of Munich; University of California System; University of California Berkeley; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：Beyond years of schooling, educational content can play an important role in the process of economic development. Individuals' choices of educational content are often shaped by the political economy of government policies that determine the incentives to acquire various skills. We first present a model in which differences in human capital investments emerge as an equilibrium outcome of private decisions and government policy choices. We then illustrate these dynamics in two historical circum...
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作者：Bertoli, S.; Fernandez-Huertas Moraga, J.; Ortega, F.
作者单位：Universite Clermont Auvergne (UCA); City University of New York (CUNY) System; Queens College NY (CUNY)
摘要：We analyze an international migration episode for which we are able to gather individual-level data covering all relevant countries, namely the exodus of Ecuadorians to Spain and the US in the aftermath of the economic collapse of 1999. Specifically, we produce selection-corrected predictions of counterfactual individual earnings and use them to estimate a discrete-choice migration equation that allows for correlated errors across destinations and a rich structure of migration costs. We find t...
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作者：Kilby, Christopher
作者单位：Villanova University
摘要：Using a novel application of stochastic frontier analysis to overcome data limitations, this paper finds substantially shorter project preparation periods for World Bank loans to countries that are geopolitically important (especially to the U.S.). Accelerated preparation is one explanation for how the World Bank might increase the number of loans to a recipient member country within a fixed time frame, for example in response to that country siding with powerful donor countries on important U...
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作者：Albornoz, Facundo; Cabrales, Antonio
作者单位：University of Birmingham; University of London; University College London
摘要：We study the effect of decentralization on corruption in a political agency model from the perspective of a region. In a model where corruption opportunities are lower under centralization at each period of time, decentralization makes it easier for citizens to detect corrupt incumbents. As a consequence, the relationship between fiscal decentralization and corruption is conditional on political competition: decentralization is associated with lower (higher) levels of corruption for sufficient...
