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作者：Johnson, Noel D.; Koyama, Mark
摘要：We study whether cities with Jewish communities grew faster than cities without Jewish communities in Europe between 1400 and 1850. We match data on city populations from Bairoch (1988) with data on the presence of a Jewish community from Roth and Wigoder (2007). Our difference-in-differences results indicate that cities with Jewish communities grew about 30% faster than comparable cities without Jewish communities. To establish causality, we create time-varying instrumental variables which re...
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作者：Gooch, Elizabeth
作者单位：United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
摘要：Interrupting mosquito-borne disease (MBD) transmission was a 20th-century development. By exploiting a natural experiment hinging on the interaction between the probable onset of efforts to suppress MBD and the potential benefit to local communities' average health, this research finds that suppressing MBD explains at least 1.5% of the increase in global population growth since 1900. In Africa, estimates suggest 14% of growth is due to controlling MBD. Globally, the treatment effect is relativ...
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作者：Laajaj, Rachid
作者单位：Universidad de los Andes (Colombia)
摘要：This paper provides a model where a long-term planning horizon improves economic decisions but also increases the salience of anticipated future utility. Hence, a gloomy future induces the agent to shorten her time horizon in order to reduce distress caused by the anticipation of poverty, at the cost of worsening her realized future consumption, resulting in a behavioral poverty trap where poverty and shortsightedness reinforce each other. The paper also provides primary empirical evidence of ...
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作者：Stopnitzky, Yaniv
作者单位：University of San Francisco
摘要：Haryana state in India is characterized by widespread discrimination against women, including a severe population-level sex imbalance. In this context an innovative social marketing campaign, which targeted pro sanitation messages to households active in local marriage markets, was implemented with the goal of increasing toilet ownership. This paper estimates the impact of this program, known colloquially as No Toilet No Bride, on household-level latrine ownership. Private sanitation coverage ...
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作者：Janssens, Wendy; Kramer, Berber; Swart, Lisette
作者单位：Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Tinbergen Institute; CGIAR; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI); CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy
摘要：Hyperbolic discounting is one potential reason why savings remain low among the poor. Most evidence of hyperbolic discounting is based on violations of either stationarity or time consistency. Stationarity is violated when intertemporal choices differ for trade-offs in the near versus the more distant future. Time consistency is violated if the optimal allocation for specific dates changes over time. Both types of choice reversals may however also result from time-varying discount rates. Hyper...
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作者：Kalsi, Priti
作者单位：Rochester Institute of Technology
摘要：Cultural values regarding gender roles encourage gender discrimination and the practice of sex selection. Increasing political and work force participation of women challenges such norms. Exploiting the implementation of an Indian law that required one-third of local political seats to be reserved for women, I investigate the impact of female leadership on sex selection in rural India. I find an increase in the survival of higher birth order girls if political seats at the local level have bee...
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作者：Beath, Andrew; Christia, Fotini; Enikolopov, Ruben
作者单位：The World Bank; Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Pompeu Fabra University; ICREA; Barcelona School of Economics; New Economic School
摘要：Direct democracy is designed to better align policy outcomes with citizen preferences. To test this proposition, we randomized whether 250 villages across Afghanistan selected projects by secret-ballot referenda or by consultation meetings. We find that referenda reduce the influence of local elites over both project type and location. Consistent with previous experimental results, we also find that referenda improve villagers' perceptions of the local economy and of the quality of local gover...
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作者：La Mattina, Giulia
作者单位：State University System of Florida; University of South Florida
摘要：This paper examines the long-term impact of civil conflict on domestic violence and intra-household bargaining using data from Rwanda. Women who married after the 1994 genocide experienced significantly increased domestic violence and reduced decision-making power relative to women who married before, with a greater effect for women in localities with high genocide intensity. Additionally, exposure to genocide reduced the household education expenditure in families of women who were of marriag...
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作者：Anagol, Santosh
摘要：Dairy cows cycle through periods where their quality is more observable (the milking phase), and where their quality is less observable (the dry phase). This variation in quality observability creates the potential for an adverse selection problem. I develop a theoretical model of trade in dry and milking cows and find empirical evidence consistent with the adverse selection theory. In particular, dry animal prices fall less in response to negative shocks relative to milking animal prices, whi...
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作者：Jones, Daniel B.; Troesken, Werner; Walsh, Randall
作者单位：University of South Carolina System; University of South Carolina Columbia; Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE); University of Pittsburgh; National Bureau of Economic Research
摘要：How does violence against a group affect political participation? In theory, the targeted group may either become politically mobilized or may become discouraged and withdraw from political participation. To address this question, we assess the impact of lynchings on differential rates of black turnout in the post-Reconstruction American South. We first provide evidence that lynchings are not politically motivated. We then show that, even though lynchings were not politically motivated, exposu...
