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作者：Martinez, Luis R.
作者单位：University of Chicago
摘要：Many insurgent groups operate across international borders, but transnational insurgent activities are seldom observable and little is known about their consequences. In this paper I show that activity by Colombian insurgent group FARC increased disproportionately in Colombian municipalities next to the border with Venezuela after Hugo Chavez became president of the latter. I argue that FARC's reliance on short-range weaponry and non-mechanized transportation limited the area in which the grou...
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作者：Dow, Gregory K.; Mitchell, Leanna; Reed, Clyde G.
作者单位：Simon Fraser University
摘要：We investigate the incidence of early warfare among foragers and farmers in prehistory. Our focus is specifically on conflict over land. Food is produced using inputs of labor and land, and the probability of victory in a conflict depends on relative group sizes. The group sizes are determined by individual migration and Malthusian population dynamics. Both factors result in larger populations at better sites, which deters attack. There are two necessary conditions for warfare: high enough ind...
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作者：Defever, Fabrice; Riano, Alejandro
作者单位：City St Georges, University of London; University of Nottingham; University of London; London School Economics & Political Science; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：A subsidy is subject to an export share requirement (ESR) when firms must export more than a certain share of their output to receive it. Such incentives are frequently found in free trade zones, export processing regimes and measures targeted at foreign investors, both in China and other developing countries. In this paper we provide the first quantitative assessment of the effect that using subsidies with ESR has on exports, the intensity of competition and welfare, both in the enacting coun...
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作者：Rehman, Faiz Ur; Vanin, Paolo
作者单位：University of Bologna; Quaid I Azam University
摘要：Beyond direct damages, terrorism creates fear and insecurity, potentially reducing support for democratic institutions if these are deemed inadequate to tackle the threat. To investigate this possibility, we use data from Pakistan, a country that experienced an exponential rise in terrorism since 2001. Exploiting individual-level data on democratic attitudes and district-level information on terrorist attacks, we document that persistent exposure to terrorism (and more broadly to violence) is ...
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作者：Broadberry, Stephen; Ghosal, Sayantan; Proto, Eugenio
作者单位：University of Oxford; University of Glasgow; University of Warwick; IZA Institute Labor Economics; Leibniz Association; Ifo Institut
摘要：Although the industrial revolution is often characterized as the culmination of a process of commercialisation, the precise nature of such a link remains unclear. This paper provides an analysis of one such link: the role of commercialisation in raising wages as impersonal labour market transactions replace personalized customary relations. In the presence of an aggregate capital externality, we show that the resulting shift in relative factor prices will, under certain conditions, lead to hig...
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作者：Nunn, Nathan
作者单位：Harvard University
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作者：Khanna, Gaurav; Zimmermann, Laura
作者单位：University of Michigan System; University of Michigan; University System of Georgia; University of Georgia
摘要：There is growing awareness that development-oriented government policies may be an important counterinsurgency strategy, but existing papers are usually unable to disentangle various mechanisms. Using a regression-discontinuity design, we analyze the impact of one of the world's largest anti-poverty programs, India's NREGS, on the intensity of Maoist conflict. We find short-run increases of insurgency-related violence, police-initiated attacks, and insurgent attacks on civilians. We discuss ho...
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作者：Auriol, Emmanuelle; Platteau, Jean-Philippe
作者单位：Universite de Toulouse; Universite Toulouse 1 Capitole; Toulouse School of Economics; University of Namur
摘要：The relationship between religion and politics is explored from a theoretical standpoint, assuming that religious clerics can be co-opted by the ruler acting as an autocrat. The comparative effects of decentralized versus centralized religions on the optimal level of cooperation between the autocrat and the religious clerics, which itself impinges upon political stability, is analysed. The paper shows that the presence of a decentralized body of clerics makes autocratic regimes more unstable. ...
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作者：Brune, Lasse; Gine, Xavier; Goldberg, Jessica; Yang, Dean
作者单位：Yale University; The World Bank; University System of Maryland; University of Maryland College Park; University of Michigan System; University of Michigan
摘要：Financial products and transfer schemes are typically designed to improve welfare by helping individuals follow through on their intertemporal plans. We implement an artefactual field experiment in Malawi to test the ability of households to manage a cash windfall by varying whether 474 households receive a payment in cash or through direct deposit into pre-established accounts at a local bank. Payments are made immediately, with one day delay, or with eight days delay. Defaulting the payments...
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作者：LaFave, Daniel; Thomas, Duncan
作者单位：Colby College; Duke University; Colby College; Duke University
摘要：Whereas the extended family plays a central role in many models of economic behavior, particularly in developing countries, there is a paucity of empirical evidence on the extent and nature of resource sharing among non coresident family members. This is in sharp contrast with abundant evidence that the distribution of resources within households predicts household spending and savings patterns. To fill' this gap, the collective model of household decision-making is extended to the family. The...
